Mortality prognostic indicators in trauma patients: a metropolis study

Trauma can lead to significant complications and mortality for victims of accidents.

The present study was conducted to determine the mortality caused by trauma and its related factors.

The present study was conducted using the data available in the Isfahan Trauma Registration System (ITR) and Hospital Information Systems (HIS). The number of 1266 deceased trauma patients who were registered in this system over 18 months (between September 2020 and March 2022) were included in the study and analyzed.

Out of 1266 patients who died from trauma, 604 (47.7%) patients experienced early death, 427 (33.7%) delayed mortality, and 235 (18.6%) late mortality. The mechanism and type of trauma, and the pre-impact conditions were significantly different between the three death categories (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in oxygen level (SpO2), heart rate, and respiratory rate at the time of admission and at the time of death between the three categories of mortality (P<0.05). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was a predictor of early, delayed, and late mortality. Injury Severity Score (ISS) was a predictor of delayed mortality and age was also a predictor of late mortality.

The present study's results indicate that ISS and GCS are significant prognostic indicators of mortality in trauma patients, warranting greater attention during admission. The combination of GCS and ISS appears to improve the accuracy of outcome prediction, thereby enabling the creation of a novel predictive model.