A reconceptualization the theory of garden city and the cause and challenges the production of Iran's garden cities (case study: Zanjan city)

In the zanjan's city, there are 4/99 square meters of green space per person, and with 8 square meters in the detailed plan, it shows a deficit of- 3/01 square meters per person. The consequence of this deficit has shown itself in the change of agricultural land use in the form of garden city. The current research is an applied type in terms of purpose, which was done with the purpose of establishing and challenging these garden cities in a descriptive-analytical method with an exploratory approach. The statistical population of the research was 30 experts Urban planning and Agricultural of Zanjan and urban planning professors of Tabriz 's University based on the snowball method.In the first stage, the verbal variables were defined as triangular fuzzy numbers, then the analysis of the field data, which included interviews and open questionnaires, was performed using the qualitative content analysis method in three stages of open, central and selective coding, which was divided into 12 categories. They were initially identified. In the phase of axial coding, a relationship was established between the primary categories and the categories were grouped into 6 axial categories. In the selective coding stage, the core categories identified were systematically categorized into 3 general categories. Due to the fact that the amount of disagreement between the experts in the first and second stages of Delphi was less than (0.2), the survey was stopped at this stage. Weak urban management, weak rules of urban organizations, inefficient management, deficit legal transparency, and the existence of various clauses and notes regarding the change of land use have been the factors that created and challenged the issue of Garden cities in Zanjan. Therefore, clarifying the laws and its role in preventing land use change and reducing parallel work between government organizations is suggested.