Potentials Application of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) in Poultry Nutrition

The possibility of using natural growth promoters or non-anti-biotic growth promoters as feed additives derived from herbs and spices or other plants in poultry nutrition to maximize their potential output has been extensively researched for the past three decades. Black pepper is one of such potential spices with a wide range of medicinal effects. In poultry birds, this spice has been used in different forms, dosages as well as period of time. This review, documented potentials application of black pepper in poultry nutrition on feed intake and efficiency, growth performance, body weight gain, carcass yield, egg production and quality, gut function, antioxidants and blood biochemistry with their possible mechanism of actions is discussed.