Ministers in Hafez's time

This article discusses the concept of viziership in Persian literature, and investigates the life of ministers in Hafez's time. Emadeddin Mahmoud Kermani, Borhaneddin Fatollah, Ghavameddin Mohammad Saheb Ayyar, and jalaloddin Touranshah are the four ministers who were particularly liked by Hafez and he composed some poetry in their praise. Investigation of this genre of poetry from the historical point of view is the main subject of this article. Such studies could throw light on Hafez's time and pave the way for compiling a complete history of the Persian literature.