The Use of the Epithet “Amir al-Mu'menin” in Caliphate Salutation

The use of the epithet “Amir al-Mu'menin” in caliphate salutation, among its variegated usages, is a special usage dealt with in the present study. In this study, an analytical method has been used to answer the question of “how the caliphate salutation has been used and what its usage was”.
Throughout the history of Islam, salutation to caliphs with the formula “as-salāmu alayka yā amīr al-mu'menīn” was common. This salutation was actually a proclamation of caliphate, and changing it was an objection to caliphate.
 
these were the factors causing disturbances in social and political conditions of that region, being a major obstacle for the establishment of a power under caliphate there. These disturbances were sometimes so great that they would even endanger the existence of caliphate.