Mythical Criticism Process in Ancient Criticism and Analysis of Old Pattern of "Death and Rebirth"

Man has experienced different methods for his understanding of the universe and decoding the surrounding world along the history and in the unlimited range of thought in which myth, beliefs and mystical traditions can be mentioned as human's intellectual efforts in various historical eras. Likewise, the contemporary world does not give up endeavoring to find a way into nested layers of cosmology and decoding. The present intellectual man has endeavored to retrospect and meditate his universe through different approaches one of which is myth tendency. Mythical criticism concerns the role of myths and their relation with ideals of people and tries to find a relation between human nature and literature and art to criticize literary works in a scientific and compiled view. Hence, we cannot claim to criticize and analyze outstanding literary mythical works such as Shahnameh and ignore the function of mythical literature. Lack of familiarity with mythical criticism demotes the prominent poets like Ferdowsi from an intellectual poet familiar with concepts of tradition, belief and history simply to a verseman, while, classic and modern poets who find their ways to the world of myth and mythical concepts are reflected in their poems, are intellectuals familiar with beliefs, customs, human spirit, previous world, unconscious nature of man, nature's symbols, etc. therefore, it is impossible to enter the intellectual world of Shahnameh and Ferdowsi without being acquaintant with mythical criticism. Mythical approach acquaints us with new territories of myth and opens new window to us regarding the expand of thought of myth tendency poets.In this paper, we try to mix theoretical topics of mythical criticism with samples, examples and evidences to make them more concrete, objective and applied. Thus, the mythical criticism and analysis of Fereidun and Zahak story has been considered based on the mythical theme of "death and rebirth" to make it more scientific through an analytical view.