An Introduction to the Placement of Transcendence and Inspiration in Learning Process from the Standpoints of Islamic Scholars

In the present study, the role of virtue in understanding reality of the world and the placement of transcendence and inspiration in learning process from the standpoints of Islamic scholars were emphasized. Based on the model, learning could be divided into 3 levels including 1) learning in animal, 2) learning in man and 3) learning in spiritual individuals. For the latest, two kinds of learning would be conceptualized. First, learning via transcendence which is based on man effort (internal factor) and second, learning via inspiration which leads to receiving the purest knowledge via God effusions. Based on the model, learning in the first and second levels leads to “acquisition of science”. However, learning in the third level leads to “acquisition of wisdom (Maarefat)”. Consequently, the integration of both science and wisdom is supposed to be a necessary action in formal education.