Mulla Sadra & Some Later Philosophers On the theory of Knowledge

That how knowledge is possible has always been one of the most important issues of philosophy considered by philosophers since long who gave different solutions.In the chapter of mental existence, difining knowledge as the representation of what things are or their presence in the mind of a perceiver, Muslim philosophers tried to explicate the correspondence of perception with what is perceived. Nothing it is only the notion of a thing - not its essence or reality nor its particular referent or extenion that is aquired by the mind, and distinguishing two kinds of predication: the first order and the second order ones, Mulla Sadra goes to answer the question and to resolve the puzzles. A further attempt has been made by some later philosophers to abstract the philosophical notions through some sort of mental contemplations in mental events. They say the first order propositions are made of these abstract notions, and their truth-value is known to be above question. Second order propositions if made of the first order ones accordig to logical principles will be the truth-function of them and their truth is thus known to be conclusive, too. In this article, we are going to consider the two theories and to evaluate the degree of how they could afford the issue.