Al-Farabi, Avicenna, And Mulla Sadra On Immortality of Human Soul

What Human souls shall exist after the death? Do human souls lose their individual determinations and change into one universal soul or shall they keep their individual determinations in plurality? These are the questions considered by Al-Farabi, Avicenna and Mulla sadra. This article deals with the views of these metaphysicians on the question. Having explained their ideas, the author comes to this conclusion that Al-Farabi believed that some human souls would be mortal, but the other two metaphysicians thaught all human souls as immortal. Having considered three arguments given by Avicenna to prove the immortality of all human souls, and critised Mulla Sadra's objections, it becomes clear that Sadra's objections fail to be raised.On the question of unification of particular souls to form one univeral soul after the death, it becomes evident that unlike some scholars, Al-Farabi did not believe in a universal soul making all particular souls lose their individual determinations.Having surveyed Sadra's ideas on intelligence in the question of unification of human souls with the active intellect, we concluded that Sadra would not believe in a universal soul.