Environment and Pollution in Mughal India

In the present paper a preliminary attempt is made to explore the “Pollution of the Environment” in Mughal India(932 - 1274 / 1525 - 1858). The limited information of this article deals with some of elements of environment pollution like scorching heat in the summer with dusty winds, scarcity of clean drinking and the water-borne diseases, fire and smoke and the disposal of garbage and human excrement in big cites and towns of the Mughal empire namely Agra, Delhi, Ahmadabad, Surat and Patna. It is based on whatever information could be obtained from Persian sources and particularly on the accounts of the contemporary European travelers.