Evaluation of risk factors for type 2 diabetes in population living in city of Yazd: A case-control study

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder and has a high prevalence in Yazd province, Iran. According to our knowledge and research, there are no population-based studies that have examined the diabetes and associated risk factors in Yazd. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the lifestyle habits and environmental risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes in the adult Yazd population, Iran. the case-control study conducted among diabetic patients and healthy subjects in the Yazd population, Iran. The study was conducted in a period from December 2012 to May 2013. Studied individuals consisted of 200 patients with Type 2 diabetes and 200 controls without Type 2diabetes. These controls were individually matched to the patients by gender and age (±2 years). Subjects were interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers using pretested questionnaires. Student t-test was used to assess differences between mean values of two continuous variables. Chi-square analysis was performed to test the differences in proportions of categorical variables between groups and Logistic regression analyses were performed to quantify the association between type 2 diabetes and categorical variables. Diabetic subjects had less income level (37.9% vs 27%, P=.02). In the group of women, significantly, women with diabetes had a more history of birth > 4 kg than women in the other group (22% vs 6.3%, P =. 002). Also the history of gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (POCs) in women with diabetes were significantly more (P=. 03). The family history of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia were significantly more frequent among the diabetes group (P<.05). Obesity was more common among diabetic patients 47.5% vs 31% (OR=3.06, 95% CI=1.79-5.24, P<0.001). Furthermore, among the diabetes group the central obesity (WHR) was higher (OR=3.44, 95% CI=2.07-5.71, P<0.001). Consumption of fast food, physical activity, duration of sleep, smoking and passive smoking was similar in the two groups, whereas consumption of fruit, vegetable, red meat and fish was significantly lower in diabetic subjects (P<0.001). The mean Weight, BMI, Waist circumference, Waist-hip ratio, Diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly higher in diabetes patients than in control subjects. The logistic regression model showed that family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives (OR=9.37, 95% CI=4.70-18.69, P<0.0001), history of dyslipidemia (OR=4.89, 95% CI=12.51-9.51, P<0.0001), family history of dyslipidemia (OR=2.53, 95% CI=1.25-5.11, P=0.009), type oil consumption (OR=2.16, 95% CI=1.12-4.16, P=0.021), type vegetable consumption (OR=4.81, 95% CI=2.49-9.44, P<0.0001), consumption fruit (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.24-4.74, P=0.009), waist to hip ratio (OR=2.67, 95% CI=1.27-5.60, P=0.009), diastolic blood pressure (OR=2.99, 95% CI=1.38 -6.46, P=0.005), HDL (OR=1.96, 95% CI=1.01 -3.82, P=0.047) and History birth >4 kg (OR=63.89, 95% CI=5.67 -719.29, P=0.001),were considered as associated risk factors for diabetes. The present study showed that family history of diabetes in first-degree relatives, family history of dyslipidemia, history of dyslipidemia, Waist-hip ratio, consumption of fruit, Consumption of vegetables, Type of oil consumption, History birth >4 kg and HDL were positively associated with diabetes.