Task-based Collaborative Interaction in a CMC Environment: A Form-Focused Perspective

The study explored the effect of task-based collaborative interactions in a Synchronous Computer-mediated Communication (SCMC) environment on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners'' development of grammatical knowledge and accuracy of a specified structure, that is, conditional clauses. To this end, at first, two intact EFL-grammar classes from an Iranian university were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A grammar test focusing on the above-mentioned structure was used at the pretest and posttest times. The control group learners were exposed to mainstream noncollaborative instruction in which they performed a number of tasks individually within the context of a teacher-fronted classroom. The learners of the experimental group, however, carried out the same planned tasks through peer-peer and teacher-student collaborative interactions in the form of text chats in an SCMC environment (i.e., Skype). Secondly, to trace learners'' trajectories of grammatical accuracy, their L2 written outputs produced during the task performance were analyzed, employing the error-free T-unit ratio. The SCMC participants were also interviewed to elicit their attitudes towards employing the approach to grammar instruction. As to grammatical knowledge test, ANCOVA results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the posttest. In terms of grammatical accuracy, subsequent t-test results indicated significant gains for the SCMC group. Furthermore, learner interviews indicated that most learners had generally positive attitudes toward CMC-oriented grammar instruction. The findings suggested that collaborative interactions in form of text-based exchanges in CMC learning environments can be a useful platform for L2 grammar instruction and learning.