The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Cydonia oblonga Miller leaf on doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in rat

Doxorubicin is one of the most common drugs for chemotherapy. The complications of doxorubicin are cardiac toxicity due to oxidative stress. Cydonia oblonga Miller leaf (COL) contains flavonoids and phenolic antioxidants. Due to the presence of antioxidant compounds in COL, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of COL on doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury in rat. In this experimental investigation, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, control under treatment of hydroalcoholic extract of COL, doxorubicin and doxorubicin under treatment of hydroalcoholic extract of COL. In treatment groups, 200 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of COL was injected intraperitoneally one hour after the first dose of doxorubicin for 2 weeks and administered daily. For induction of cardiac toxicity, doxorubicin was injected at a dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally. After two weeks of treatment, the rats were anesthetized with diethyl ether and their heart was removed. After tissue homogenate was prepared, oxidative stress markers were measured using specific kits. The results of this study demonstrated that doxorubicin increases malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione and catalase activity in the cardiac tissue of rats. Two weeks of treatment with hydroalcoholic extract of COL significantly reduced the malondialdehyde level and increased glutathione. The increase in catalase activity was not statistically significant. According to the results of this study, COL with phenolic and flavonoid compounds and antioxidant activity seems to attenuate lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in doxorubicin induced cardiac toxicity.