Correlation Between Cephalometric and Photographic Results of Determining the Lower Anterior Facial Height

Today, the most commonly used instrument for determining the inferior face height is lateral cephalometry; however, due to the fact that some lateral cephalometric radiographs are given to the patient while taking radiation, and with regard to the overlaps and distortions of structures in this radiograph. The purpose of this study was to study the inferior height of the face based on the one-third of the face in photography and then compare its correlation with the results of cephalometry. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out with photographic and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 75 randomly selected participants (38 women and 37 men) from among patients consulting the orthodontic clinics in Bandar Abbas in 2012 - 2013. All participants had all their permanent teeth (without third molar involvement). Patients signed an informed consent form for participation. There was no history of head and face trauma, orthognathic surgery, previous orthodontic treatment, and congenital anomalies. The anterior height of the face was evaluated based on the one-third of the face on photography according to the results of FMA (Frankfort-mandibular plane angle), Sn-GoGN, Bjork, and Jarabak, and the correlations of these values with each other were determined. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using chi-square test, kappa coefficient, and Pearson coefficient. No significant correlation was found between the photographic and cephalometric data of face height (r = -0.03, P > 0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the results of FMA and Jarabak index (r = -0.6, P < 0.05). There were significant direct relationships between the results of FMA and those of Bjork (r = 0.8, P < 0.05) and Sn-GoGn (r = 0.7, P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the facial form and class I and II skeletal occlusions (P > 0.05). There was no meaningful relationship between the results of FMA angle and facial form in class 1 and 2 occlusion subjects (P > 0.05). However, this association was found stronger in class I than in class II occlusion. There is no meaningful correlation between photographic and cephalometric measurements of facial height, and we always need lateral cephalometrics for the correct orthodontic treatment plan and as a golden standard. Cephalometric variables are correlated with each other for determining the vertical growth pattern, and each can be used for diagnosis alternatively.