Evaluation of Fasting Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Individuals in Gorgan, Northeastern

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue worldwide.
Poorly managed type 1 and type 2 diabetics are at risk of developing several complications, including cardiovascular disease. Therefore, monitoring lipid profile and glycemic control in such patients are of great importance for reducing the risk of developing diabetic complications. In this study, we measured the level of fasting blood sugar (FBS) and lipid profile components in patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic individuals. This cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 50 type 1 diabetics, 50 type 2 diabetics and 50 normoglycemic individuals (controls). All subjects were matched in terms of age and gender. Serum level of FBS, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was measured using commercial kits. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 16) at significance level of 0.05. The levels of FBS, TC, TG, LDL and HDL were higher in both case groups compared to the controls. The value of these variables (except for TC) was significantly higher in patients with type 1 diabetes than in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our results show that patients with type 2 diabetes have lower levels of HDL compared to T1DM patients, which might increase the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in these patients.