فصلنامه پژوهشهای زراعی در حاشیه کویر
سال دهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1392)

Potatoes, including products that have important and strategic role in feeding the world and in the world, is considered the importance of the fourth product after wheat, rice and corn. So, study the compatibility condition and phenology of different cultivars of potato in different climatic regions of our country (IRAN) is important. In order to assessment the study of growth indices of commercial and conventional potato cultivars in Esfahan region this study was carried out in field Falavarjan university in Esfahan province in 2010. A randomized complete block design with forth replications. The treatement were included 11 cultivars of commercial and conventional potato. Each plot consisted 4 rows, 6 m long with 75 cm between rows and 25 cm between plants on the rows. In this study growth indices such as: Total Dry Weight, Leaf Area Index, Crop Growth Rate, Relative Growth Rate. Net Assimilation Rate and Leaf Area Rate, Special Leaf Area and Leaf Area Duration were assessed. Results showed that all cultivars have Significant different at the 1% probability levels in all of growth indices. Results indicated that Cosima variety with leaf area index (5.23) and Sante variety with leaf area index (3.07) were significantly superior to the other cultivars. The purpose of this study, evaluate the phenology of potato cultivars in Esfahan region.

To study the effect of salicylic acid pretreatment on germination and alpha-amylase enzyme activity, sweet corn seedling in salinity, physiological testing Varamin Agricultural University - master design. Sweet corn seeds, varieties Saccharata after soaking in solution (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) of salicylic acid for 24 h for germination under salt stress conditions, the paper roller dipped in a solution of NaCl concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were transferred and in vitro tests. After germination, germination percentage, seedling dry weight and alpha-amylase enzyme activity was measured. Results showed that salinity reduces germination in seeds of sweet corn, and 200 mM salt concentration decreases, so 33.58 is the control of germination. Salicylic acid also was found to have a positive impact on germination as well as control and stress treatments increased germination will occur. Salicylic acid is used to increase seedling dry weight. Enzyme activity assays showed that the alpha-amylase enzyme activity in terms of reduced salinity and salicylic acid increases the activity of this enzyme, ie to reduce the effects of salinity. According to the obtained results it can be concluded that pretreatment of sweet corn seeds with salicylic acid, 1 mM Had a positive effect on germination and affects the antioxidant defense system of the plant sweet corn seedlings under salt stress is increased resistance.

In order to Effect of weed interference and different amounts of nitrogen on yield and yield components of grain sorghum a split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2012 crop year in Salemi Shahid farm located in Ahvaz condition carried.The main plot in this experiment was included three levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer N80, N140 and N200 Kg. ha-1 nitrogen from urea and Subplot Was included three levels of weed competition, weeding weeds until the end of grow (w1), Weeding weeds up to 6-leaf stage (w2) and Weeding the heading stage. The results showed that with the increased application of nitrogen, yield and yield components (Number of spikelet in panicle, Number of grain in spikelet, Number of grain in panicle and Weight of 1000 grains) show a significant increase. So that the maximum grain yield of sorghum with an average of 365.69 grams per square meter to 200 kg N ha respectively. Also reduce weed interference caused significant increase in these characteristics and the maximum grain yield of weeding weeds with an average of 427.19 grams per square meter, respectively that due to a decrease in yield components, grain yield decreased.

In order to evaluate effect of mulch and bed formation on yield quantity of corn and compete between weeds an experiment were conducted in 2011-2012 in field research of Islamic Azad University, Varamin branch. Experiment were in form of split plot based on complete block design with three replications. Bed cultivation in three level (flat, top and furrow) in main plot, mulch in three level (white plastic on dark, no mulch and control weed, no mulch with weed) in sub plot. The results showed that up to 8-leaf stage, the maximum leaf area, plant height, stem diameter at the soil surface and dry weight was observed in the context of Faro. White on black plastic mulch for all forms of bed control weed up to 99%. Mulch leads to grow corns faster than the ground without mulch and mulch interaction was significant in the context of maximum yield in the mulch bed treatment bed (1103.61kg ha-1) were obtained. Results showed that bed form had significant effect on Harvest Index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Mulch had significant effect on total biomass, harvest index, grain yield, seed in ear, seed in row, row number. Highest amount of seed in ear, row in ear for flat bed and highest thousand seed weight and row in ear for top bed. Increasing seed in ear, seed in row and row number by using mulch and therefore seed number increased.

Tobacco is an industrial plant and is among the most important income-generating products for farmers. It is cultivated in over 100 countries. After the arrival of western air-drying tobaccos to Iran, Burley number 21 was introduced in Burley-cultivating regions of Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces and was cultivated as single number until 2009. In 2009, a new foreign sterile male number H B4105P was introduced for two provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan after several years of studies. Since this number is foreign and researchers intend to introduce appropriate numbers to the said two provinces, the present research was carried out to study two sterile male lines (NC3 BURLEY21 and C103 BURLEY21) and numbers BURLEY A1, BURLEY TMV3, BURLEY TN 86, BURLEY URUMIEH 9 and BURLEY T 1024 together with Burley witness number 21 (8 Timar altogether) in Burley-cultivating regions of Mazandaran Province in dry-farming and rainfall-dependent conditions in Esbokola and Golestan villages by stack rainbased irrigation method in Valesh Abad village, each in three repetitions (stochastic full blocks design) with effective 40-square meter kurts (width of 5 m and length of 8 m) and cultivation distance of 50X100 cm and 2-m distance between kurts in the year 2011. According to the results achieved by statistical analysis of the characteristics under study, in Mazandaran region, burley number TN86 showed better quality than other numbers in terms of performance, income and viral infection diseases. In Golestan region with rain-based irrigation conditions, burley number A1 was found to be of better quality in terms of function and income and viral infection diseases. Therefore, the above two numbers were introduced and recommended as superior numbers. After carrying out composite variance analysis, burley A1 was found to be the best number in the said two regions in terms of function, income and viral infection diseases.

To study the application of methanol on qualitative and quantitative characteristics under water deficit stress on canola an experiment was conducted as split plot based on RCBD with three replication at research field of Islamic Azad University Varamin branch in 2012. Experimental factors were water deficit stress in main plots (normal irrigation, drought stress at stemming phase, drought stress at pod phase) and methanol (no usage of methanol, spray 14% methanol, spray 28% methanol) as sub plots.Analysis of variance showed significant difference for MDA, DT for simple effect of irrigation, application of methanol and interaction irrigation and application of methanol. Interaction of normal irrigation and 28% methanol increased grain yield and it decreased CAT, MDA and DT. In fact Interaction of normal irrigation and 28% methanolwas the best treatment.In general, application of methanol under water deficit stress decrease oxidative stress destructive effects and it increase qualitative and quantitative characteristics of canola.

In order to study the Influence of plant density and zinc foliar application on yield and its components in single cross corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was carried out using factorial method on the basis of RCBD with three replicates in Ahwaz, Iran. Experimental treatments administered included plant density on three levels (D1=65000, D2=75000 and D3=85000 plant per Hectare plant density). The second factor includes: zinc foliar application in four treatments (F0=control, non application of zinc, F1=zinc foliar application in V12 stage, F2=VT stage and F3= zinc foliar split application in two stages of V12 and VT based, on corn developmental growth stages). Results showed that plant density effects on grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, leaf area index and grain number in ear were significant (p= 0.01). In addition zinc foliar application effects on grain yield, total dry matter, harvest index and 1000 grain weight were significant (p= 0.05). But interaction between of plant density and zinc foliar application had not a significant effect on above character mentioned. The highest grain yield (equal to 9843.3 kg per hectore) was obtained at the density of 75000 plants with zinc foliar split application in two stages of V12 and VT. The lowest grain yield (equal to 7751.9 kg per hectare) was obtained at the density of 65000 plants with non application of zinc. The highest Biological yield (20276.07 kg per hectare) belongs to D2 with non application of zinc and the lowest rate (15960.31kg per hectare) obtained in D1 with F1 treatment. The most Grain number in ear observed in zinc foliar split application treatment in two stages of V12 and VT. Maximum of LAI belong to D2 with F3 treatment. In generally, planting of 75000 plants per Hectare and zinc foliar split application in two stages of V12 and VT, lead to the highest of LAI and harvest index in D2 treatment and finally result to the highest grain yield.

This experiment was conducted as factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Roudehen Research field, in 2010. Two factors; vermin compost at four levels (5, 10, 15, and 20 ton.ha-1 and check) as first factor and phosphate bio-fertilizer in two levels (Inoculation and Non Inoculation) as second factor. Results showed vermin compost had significant effect on all of investigate traits. Seed inoculation with phosphate bio-fertilizer had significant effect on capsule number, fresh weigh of leaf, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of flower, total fresh weight per plant, dry weight of flower, total dry weight per plant, and seed yield. As well as, only capsule diameter not significant at interaction of vermin-compost phosphate × bio-fertilizer. The most of seed yield was produced with 20 ton vermincompost, because of increased capsule number, capsule diameter and 1000 seed weight. As, plant height, fresh weight of leaf, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of flower and total fresh weight per plant, dry weight of flower and total dry weight per plant had maximum in this rate. With inoculation of phosphate bio-fertilizer, cause of increase capsule number and capsule diameter, had observed highest seed yield. The maximum seed yield (2150.2 kg ha-1) was obtained at interaction of 20 ton vermin-compost × with inoculation. Therefore, 20 ton vermin-compost and phosphate inoculation, because of increased seed yield was introduced the best treatment.