فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 28، پاییز 1396)

The present research, with emphasis on strategic planning approach, seeks to elaborate executive strategies and Effective for sustainable development of tourism industry of Kavir Shahdad. Due to its capabilities and valuable resources, this region has the ability to turn into tourist attractions And with accurate and efficient planning, it can be introduced as a tourist destination in the country. In this regard, the strategic planning approach is able to turn the region's resources into attractions and tourism activities. As a result, there are potential positive effects, including increased employment, increased social welfare of the people of the region, Preserving and developing existing resources, historical and natural resources of the region. In the first step, interviews and surveys were carried out through a questionnaire from experts, officials and administrators of the tourism sector in Kahir Shahdad area. In the second step, data and information are analyzed using content analysis and SWOT analysis, which is a strategic orientation. Then, using the external and internal evaluation matrix to identify the expected impacts of the region Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix QSPM is classified and prioritized tourism development strategies of Kavir Shahdad Area The results of the surveys and calculations show that the region faces the opportunity for the tourism sector in the external environment with the opportunity and the internal environment. Therefore, it has a very high capacity to develop and enhance its tourism capacity to become a developed tourism destination.

Social capital is a continuity key of citizenship life. Lack of social capital is a vital hindrance of formation of a potent, efficient and accountable urban management. Thus, main purpose of this paper is to evaluate and prioritize currently available social capital in 11districts of Bonab city. Type of research is applied and it is based on descriptive analytic approach. Total inhabitants of the 11 districts of the city were 84656 subjects and all of them went under study. A questionnaire was used for data collection, also, we randomly selected 500 subjects by using Cochran’s formula, AHP, and TOPSIS & GIS models were implemented for data analysis. Obtained results of different implementation stages of the Topsis model illustrate a clear difference in rating process of social capital in 11 districts of Bonab city. The districts named Zargaran, Dash Korpi, Koocheh Qom, Mehrabad and Khanom Baghi are inhibited by higher socioeconomic inhabitants and they have more desirable structures rather than other districts. The districts named Gezosht, Tangeh Koocheh Gharbi, and Tangeh Koocheh Sharghi have the least and lowest ratios of social capital respectively, namely, 0.3685, 0. 3689, and 0.3877. Also, their indices of security and dependability are low, so, they need security plans, extensive supervision, publicity and cultural development to enhance dependability and public participation.

Recognition of the most effective governmental and administrative methods in rural areas is considered of the most importance suggested to enforce the rural government and the main government to meet needs of the people. This study aimed at explaining the factors affecting rural good governance with emphasizes rural managers in Chaipare Bala County in Zanjan Township). Type of research is functional and methodology is descriptive- analytic. Data gathered by library and field search like questionnaire and interview. For analyzing data, we use descriptive analysis (mean, deviation, variance), and extraction statistic (Pearson correlation variable, single sample T.test, Kendal test). Required data is gathered using the sampling and completing questionnaire from head of rural households. According to Cochran formula the necessary number of sample is 160 head of rural households. Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated equal to, %74. The findings show that the level of satisfaction of people from the rural manager (Dehyar) is not in good condition.

Demand for ecotourism caused a comprehensive planning and paying attention to the environment and preventing from its destruction, to be a necessary case. Ecotourism development principles in the desert regions, due to the special features of these regions and fragile ecosystems include the distinctive factors and standards that are more focused on the effects of natural environment for tourism. Our studied region in Yazd province located at the center of Iran with extent of 131000 km2 is the third great province of Iran where 65 % of it is composed of desert regions. In this paper, our most important question was this that "what are the appropriate indexes and criteria of measuring the sustainable ecotourism in the dry and desert regions?" and also "what is the process of identifying the appropriate indexes and criteria of ecotourism?" .This paper introduced the appropriate indexes and criteria to measure the progress toward the sustainability in the ecotourism in the desert regions by a survey based and descriptive and analytical method and feedback from the experts in Delphi method. Results of the research were examined based on the T-TEST assumed in the level of 5%. Finally , 64 cases were introduced which in the meantime 28 cases of them for assessing the environment sustainability , and 17 cases of them for assessing the economic sustainability and 19 cases of them were introduced in the desert regions that were in accordance with Iran and ecosystems of these regions .

Urban Good Governance based on participatory planning is today the dominant aspect of modern urban management in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate, evaluate and prioritize urban governance elements, from the viewpoint of Bukan urban management activists in West Azarbaijan province. The research method in this paper was descriptive-analytical and based on documentary and survey surveys. The required research data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire and a hierarchical analysis method was used to conduct the required analyzes and prioritize the indicators. This study draws on the principles of good governance provided by global organizations such as the United Nations Development Program, the World Bank and international theorists, participatory, accountability, transparency, rule of law, effectiveness-efficiency, and accountability. Have been analyzed. Finally, a prioritization of existing indicators and criteria was done using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results obtained from the analysis, evaluation and prioritization of the data show that the responsibility index in rank 1, participation in rank 2, effectiveness - efficiency in grade 3, accountability in rank 4, rule of law in grade 5 and Transparency is at 6th place.

One of the most important limiting factors of human activities in southern half of Iran, especially coasts, is the climatic sultry. The aim of this study is to determine the first sultry day, the last sultry day, duration of sultry period, duration of non-sultry period, and sultry frequency with 95% probability in southern half of Iran. Therefore, hourly data of vapor pressure for a 15-years term (1995-2009) relating to 13 synoptic stations was used. Its worthy of note that in this study, the sultry day is defined as a day in which in one of the 8 daily scouts’ vapor pressure is about 18.8 Hpa.
Results have indicated that in the southern half of Iran with 95% probability, the earliest sultry day takes place in Chabahar station on January 3rd and the latest one occurs in Kerman station on July 29th. The latest date of the last sultry day is in Chabahar station on December 28th and the earliest one is in Fasa station on August 19th. The longest sultry period belongs to coastal stations in Chabahar (359days), Bandar abbas (353days), Boushehr (298days), and Abadan (260days) and the shortest one with 16, 17, and 29days belongs to Shiraz, Kerman, and Fasa stations, respectively. Spatial frequency distribution of sultry days shows as stations latitude increases, their frequency decrease. In this manner, frequency of sultry days in south-east of Iran is much more than that in south-west.

Tourism services and facilities as one of the most basic forms of supply in leisure and recreation industry provide the most income content for the host communities after the transport industry and tourist's movement in interval-international area. Considering the experience in developing domestic and foreign tourism purposes shows that industries emanated in this area that in their tourism product-supply system are equipped with an organized and capable system in terms of tourism facilities and services especially in commercial and residential facilities. Competition for sustainable development of urban tourism according to the tourist's needs in addition to strengthening the participation of private sectors and citizens in meeting these needs, also creating different substrate-planning platforms in this field should be important and planned in tourism executive management. The current study is done according to its functional goal and its nature and descriptive-analytical method. The data collection methods in this study are library and field ones. In this regard, the data were gathered using a questionnaire. For analyzing data, SPSS 18 software, T-test analysis, Pearson correlation test and Regression test were used. The results show that there is .417 percent relation and correlation between the capability and attractiveness of Omid commercial-residential places in Mashhad and its tourism which shows a direct relationship between the two variables. Then, the Regression analysis was used on the impacts of each indicator in this correlation. The test results showed that physical and spatial indicators had the highest impact factor among all the targeted indicators in this study. The other indicators are effective in the study with the Beta 0.219 for profile and activity index, Beta 0.315 for environmental index, Beta 0.116 for cultural-social index and Beta 0.107 for perceptual and cognitive index.

The decayed area of city constitute a significant part of the territory of many cities in Iran, which is due to their particular problems forcing them out of urban sprawl and have become problematic sections of cities. These areas, in addition to the physical problems, social qualities and dimensions, economic, cultural and urban spaces have also degraded, disrupting human presence in urban spaces. Identification of these urban areas and prioritization of intervention zones in order to apply rational and appropriate solutions that promote the quality of urban spaces in these areas is essential. The present article aimed to evaluation and prioritization of the intervention zone in the central district of Tabriz (Municipality district 8) by descriptive-analytical and survey method. For this purpose, 378 questionnaires were districted among the households of district 8. Using the one-way analysis of variance and the difference between the averages of these neighborhoods the economic, social and physical indicators have been evaluated. And the Copeland technique for prioritizing the final textures of the central tissues has been used in terms of three indicators. The results of this study indicated that the central district of Tabriz city is different in different dimensions of physical, social and economic. And according to Copeland Technique, the rhythm of Maghsoudieh neighborhood is in first order to interfere with decayed fabric in terms of economic, social and physical criteria. And the Tapalibagh neighborhood at the second level and the neighborhood of Karabagh third are located.

City in 20th century is knowing as one of the greatest achievement in culture and civilization, and widespread phenomenon. In spite of passing two decays of planning and processing about urban complexes, government are failed to reaching a appropriate plan for urban complexes. The important reason of this failure is not considering about researches and power structure and government.
The goal of this paper is comparative urban management in Tehran and London and empower the mangers therefore unique urban management and knowing the weak points of urban management.
This paper is picked up of comparative analysis of quality analysis. research method is analytical descriptive information are picked up from library and documents.
As a result, this paper is considered applicable paper. The biggest problems of Tehran municipality are internal in consisting municipality many of urban services such as piping for parks …are done whit no harmony to technical and traffic department and this cases lots of costs and human resources are getting busy more than one time.
Totally we can say to prevent above problems we need to entrust suitable empowers to urban management.

Today the fields of geo-tourism consider as one of the most forerunners in the world which is growing activities among different forms of tourism, one of the most scientific and attractive are known. According to importance of this subject, in these study for analyze the Geo-tourism condition of Karaftou cave in Kurdestan, SWAOT and FASSOULAS models were used. Therefore this study is applicable in purpose and the method is descriptive and analytical. In this regard at first, according to expert opinion, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Karaftou geosite were known and by using SWOT matrix, practical policies determined. At second step by using FASSOULAS assessment method, six values that exist in this method, analyzed for cave environment. Results show that according to earn points by internal factors matrix (3.54) and external factor matrix (3.69), aggressive / competitive is appropriate strategy for this cave and it is necessary and it is necessary in areas such as the development of sports facilities and encouraging private sector investment in this area should be done. Among evaluated values in FASSOULAS approach, scientific values obtained special scores which show this factor has high importance in development and tourist attraction in this area. Compilation of this result with the strategies derived from the matrix this area can be turned into one of the poles of geo-tourism country.

Today, the development of tourism as a sustainable income model in the countries of the world is very important. In the meantime, due to the sensitivities that it has, it is very fragile and it is necessary to take appropriate measures to ensure its stability. Attention to political security and its constructive indicators is one of the most important factors that can make a boom or stagnation of this activity. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing political security indicators in the development of tourism industry in Mazandaran province. The present research is a descriptive-analytical study for internal goals and is considered as an applied research for external purposes. Survey methods (interviews and questionnaires), surveys and field observations and documentary studies have been used to collect required data. In the data analysis section, efforts have been made to achieve more comprehensive and comprehensive results by analyzing each of the indices and sub-indices by combining the data types. In this regard, SPSS software and Spearman correlation and path analysis (KMO tests and Bartlett test) were used. The results of the data analysis indicate that since the KMO index is 0.813 (close to 1), the number of samples for the factor analysis is sufficient. Also, the value of sig of the Bartlett test is less than 5%, which indicates that the factor analysis is appropriate for identifying the structure, factor model. According to factor analysis, seven main variables of political security impact on tourism development in Mazandaran province include security (v1), housing (v2), media and communication (v3), human resources (v4), external relations (v5), performance Government and oversight institutions (v6), political institutionalization (v7), two factors were identified as the main factor that both were human and social and institutional and structural factors. Factor analysis shows that the variables of security, media and communication, housing, and human resources are named under the first factor, which is named after the human and social agent. Foreign exchange variables, the functioning of government institutions and regulatory and institutional institutions under the second factor, which are The name of the structural and institutional agent is named.

The researches suggest that the main purpose of development is growth and excellence of human societies in all aspects. So, the purpose of this study is the actual recognizing of the non-arrival to the rural sustainable development under the circumstances of human societies and their requirements in material and spiritual aspect and within the framework of rural undertaken challenges, projects and programs. The research method is descriptive-analytical and its purpose is applying the historical and library method and using of the SWOT strategic model. It is certain that human societies are not irrespective of time and a significant portion of them are living in rural areas. Therefore, applying the development management at national, regional and local level has a customizable concept and its objectives and effects are crystallized on regional spatial scales of "city and village". Here the question is that do the plans and rural planning have challenges and place in limitations of cycle of planning that the sustainable development have not achieved? Also, it is hypothesized that rural sustainable development is achieved by solidarity, integrity, solving the problems, issues and challenges of the project cycle and rural planning. On the other hand, the results show that within the hierarchy framework, rural areas as the rule of the system and national activity have to in addition of stability in components, i.e. the ecological environment, human environment and operational environment, exhibit its contribution and impact in the habitation system to the national level and if the rural habitation system cannot play the constructive role in the development and sustainable development in the habitation system, then the consequences and adverse effects of rural issues appears in various fields. On the other hand, in the past, especially before the Islamic Revolution, there were significant challenges in the design cycle and rural planning and transfer of funds to the village, in the area of sustainable development. It is concluded that sustainable development and national integration is closely related to sustainable development at the regional, urban and rural level and in is not possible to separate of go away the rural sustainable development from it. Because, it is the right of development of villages and rural in the system of country. In this way and in the process of development management, policy making, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, the village should be completely considered in order to provide the sustainable development arena.

Pakistan’s Balochistan is an impoverished region beleaguered by insurgency and ethnic strife. But it is rich in resources and it occupies an increasingly vital geo-strategic position. As a result, Balochistan has been the focus of massive infrastructural projects. Iran and Pakistan are developing competing port, rail, and highway networks, hoping to funnel the trade of Central Asia through their own national territories. As neither country can handle the costs and technical challenges on its own, both are partnering with other states; Pakistan has turned to China, and Iran to India. As a result, rivalry between Iran and Pakistan is mounting. Baloch insurgents, not surprisingly, have targeted the new projects, provoking military escalation. The Iranian port of Chabahar was also a relatively small town before it was selected for infrastructural development. The initial plans were hatched under the shah, with help from the United States. The Iranian revolution of 1979 put the project on hold, but it was revived during the Iran-Iraq war, when shipping through the Strait of Hormuz was periodically paralyzed.

Free zones, regardless of the bureaucratic intricacies of complexity, as well as customs and strict trade and political regulations, play an important role in the transportation of goods and technology in the economic world. The main question of the article is that, in general, the free zones, in particular the Chabahar Free Zone, are important in the Iranian economy, and how can these regions be used as a trans-regional model for the Iranian economy? Free zones in Iran and in particular the Chabahar Free Zone With intelligent and informed management and effective and progressive legislation will be able both Provide ground for Iran's participation in the global economy through the export of domestic products and also by supplying the needs of the country especially in the field of technology convert Iran to the economic power of the global economy. Chabahar Free Zone covering Afghanistan and Pakistan as well as the caucasus and central Asia region can be the platform for economic growth in the eastern part of the country and pay attention to regional and international economic actors in Iran. given this introduction, this paper will attempt using library resources as well as scientific and research articles to analyze and explain the role and influence of free zones in Iran's economy emphasizing the free area of Chabahar by trying to provide a trans-regional model for Iran's economy.

Hotel accommodation is also one of the most important variables in the tourism system and also one of the economic sectors that plays an important role in boosting economic development and job creation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of planning in the development of the hotel industry on the development of tourism and economy in Iran. The main question of this article is that development of hotel industry plays what impact on the development of tourism and the prosperity of the Iranian economy? In addition to the main question they are raised other sub-questions also in this article including what is the history and importance of the hotel industry? What are the characteristics and characteristics of tourism? The results of this article show that hotel industry and planning for the development of this industry is one of the most important distinguishing variables between traditional and modern tourism and at the same time that gets cause security, prosperity and tourist attraction on the other hand, too plays a significant contribution to GDP growth in countries. Given this introduction this article will try using research papers as well as other library resources as well as comparisons of tourism statistics of different countries analyze and explain the impact of planning on the development of hotel industry on the development of tourism and economy of Iran.

Urban liveliness is one of the topics that affected quality concepts of urban planning in recent decades. Places where from the index of physical, ecological, social, cultural and economic level point of view are desirable, as much as of urban liveliness and its consequences of good quality of life. Determining the verities of urban texture and different kinds of housing and expansion of typical living complexes as especial residential complexes, determining the level of urban liveliness for a comparative study between traditional neighborhoods and housing complexes are essential to strengthen the positive aspects and to reduce liveliness barriers. The present study comparatively evaluates urban liveliness in especial residential complexes and traditional neighborhoods by showing the importance of urban liveliness as an effective factor in the improvement of urban spaces. To do this, Charandab traditional neighborhood and Asemane Tabriz residential complexes are selected to measure the amount of urban liveliness. The research was descriptive-analytical and use documentary research tools and questionnaires to collect information. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software. The result of present study shows that there are significant differences between urban liveliness of traditional neighborhoods and especial residential complexes. Also there is a positive relationship between social and physical component and liveliness.

Tourism activities and tourist attraction are one of the most exciting economic activities that can be studied continuously due to its importance. The present research is also carried out due to the importance of this industry with the aim of examining the relationship between the tourism industry and economic growth in accordance with the document on the prospects of economic development in the country. To this aim, the impact of tourism development on economic growth was firstly determined on the basis of theoretical foundations of various researches, and then the relationship between these variables was analyzed using annual data in 1995-1995 using ARDL method. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between tourism sector development (tourism industry) and economic growth. Also, attracting tourists based on the 1404 vision document can play a significant role in increasing national income, creating employment and economic growth.

Old worn, the need to intervene and are organizing program for the revival of urban development strategy (CDS) is one of the most important in planning essential. the aim of the research compilation of urban development strategy (CDS) in order to regenerate the central section of the decay in Ahwaz. central City of Ahvaz that studied 302 ha of mature and developing neighborhood in the range 9. 40 CDS were determined in line with the index. research methodology in the form of a questionnaire package with nominal scale, and a few of the options taken in the ranking of the questionnaire for the two groups of citizens and urban specialists in design and range of 5 through to specify the sample size was determined and the case study example Cochrane information indicators through the completion of a questionnaire among families residing in 375 residential units and urban specialists on the basis of a questionnaire of 105. then using the SPSS software and software AMOSE analysis and proof of the assumptions. the results of the research show that the average life of being a reliable indicator of 2.79 and the average index is a good indicator of the average 32 year reign, 2.74 2.77 municipal banking and eventually being competitive index is also the average of 2.80. as a result of urban development strategy indicators in the central part of the city of Ahwaz, the right position is not entitled to.

Development is complex and multi-dimensional process to improve the quality of life in the community which requires a change in the socio-cultural structure and as well as accelerating economic growth, Reduce inequality and eradicate poverty and social justice, and environmental sustainability. In the current world because of the theoretical and empirical reasons, not only economic indicator represents the development requirements, therefore for identify and define the state of development of each country or region there should be other factors such as human factors, health, education, population and socio - cultural problems to along with economic indicators, they could be right reagent to measure the degree of development. The use of quantitative criteria and procedures for ranking settlements in space system also led to identification of measure the inequality settlement and on the other hand this is a measure to try to reduce and eliminate disparities between them. Therefore, this study aims to analyze a set of development indicators in terms of economic, social and physical criteria in Sanandaj urban regions to ranking development of the urban regions of Sanandaj and in this way the problems of each region will identify and by prioritize the regions for the allocation and distribution of resources and amenities based on surveyed criterions created a balanced development of its regions. In this regard, the indices studied after examining the status quo, by using numerical taxonomy and ArcGIS software have been analyzed to determine the level of regions development of Sanandaj. The results indicate that in general, despite the relatively low level of development in regions of the Sanandaj city, compare with Sanandaj regions 9.5% are in first development level (provided), 23.8% are second level (relatively provided), 23.8% are in third level (average), 14.3 are in forth level (deprived), 28.6% are in fifth level (completely deprived).

Tourist security is not only a hardware, objective and traditional category, but also social, cultural and software norms have become more important day by day along with the aforementioned dimension. In the discussion of tourism security and the development of tourism destinations, ethics can play a carpentry and software role. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of tourism ethics in promoting the security of tourists and the development of tourism destinations in Iran. The main question of the article is how tourism ethics can play a role in promoting the security of tourists and developing Iran's tourism destinations? The method of this article is qualitative. The method of collecting information is library. The method of data analysis is descriptive-analytical. The findings of the article show that the tourism system needs to be trained and promoted ethical frameworks in order to continue in a sustainable and safe manner. In fact, an unethical tourism system leads to anomalies in nature, culture, economy and society and will eventually lead to bankruptcy. In fact, if tourists do not have ethics, they cannot communicate with the destination and the host, and if the host community does not observe ethics in relation to tourists, the result will be the flight of tourists and the slump in the tourism market.