نشریه پیام باستان شناس
پیاپی 20 (پاییز و زمستان 1392)

Fasa is located in central east of Fars province, Iran. The first extensive archaeological survey in Fasa, carried out by Aurel Stein in 1934. Nevertheless, a more intensive archaeological survey, directed by Miroschedji was conducted in Fasa and Darab in 1971-72. Finally, an Iranian mission directed by Ali Asadi resurveyed Fasa in 2009, which prehistoric sites of this survey will be introduce and discuss in this paper. Base on the surface collections, the prehistoric of Fasa has been divided in several periods and has also been suggested a relative chronology for prehistoric of this region. No ceramic Neolithic sites were found in this survey, but ceramic Neolithic sites indicate a local culture in the Fasa. There was a dramatic increase in the number of the Bakun sites, which most part of the region were occupied by the Bakun occupants. Post-Bakunian sherds material were limited, so characteristics of these cultures are not clear yet. It appears that, there have been some local cultures in the Fasa after the Bakun period.

Ijroud is placed in western south of Zanjan province. As it is placed between east of Zagros and the west of Iran plateau, this city is an important place for archeological study. The third season survey was done in order to recognize historical traces of this city. Ijroud-e-bala, western part of the Ijroud village and Saeid Abad village were considered to be survey. As a result of this survey, 75 traces related to different periods were recognized. Among all recognized precincts, 23 of them were related to Iron Age, Stone Age, Copper Age and Bronze Age. Precincts which are regarding to Stone-Bronze periods are the oldest and they are influenced by Dalma culture. Tow kind of clay were found in this precinct which one of them was simple and the other was painted. The traces related to Bronze period are concerned with middle and new periods. No traces related to old Bronze period were found. Comparison of traces showed cultural correlation with central Iran plateau in Bronze period. Cemeteries were found related to Iron Age I, II and III. All clays which were found in these cemeteries had similarities with clays which were found in Zanjan, north western of Iran and central plateau Iran.

This article is an attempt to introduction and studying if dozen caves that used of them in the period of Dalma (Middle Chalcolithic). The use of caves is one of the sign of the pastoralism (both permanent and temporary), nomadism and especially transhumance pastoralism. In the base of available evidences in this study area could be posed the transhumance pastoralism strategy in the life in this period. The position of the caves and the sever accessibility of them is showed that use of this caves is probably impermanent and limited in the special season and when the nomadic pastoral have taken their flocks to the mountains. One of the property of these caves are their height, sever accessibility and narrow entrance and seems that safety (wild animal of cold temperature at night), accessibility of different pastures have been involved at the use of them. There caves include the Kona Shamsham in the highlands of Marivan county and Samangan and Koolan Gawra in the county of Divandareh in the Kurdistan province in the west of Iran that surveyed in the late archaeological investigations.

Tepe Sagzabad is one of the most important Prehistoric Sites in Qazvin Plain. Based on the long time Department of Archaeology, University of Tehran excavation, Tepe Sagzabad Known as a best sample of Iron and Late Bronze Age site in Qazvin Plain. Some new evidence of late 4th Millennium BC Cultures is Known Late Chalcolithic Period in Central Plateau, Has been identified in Tepe Sagzabad. Research-based Training Excavation [Practical method of excavating projects] was carried out in the fall of 2008 by the Department of Archaeology, Tehran University, intending to study the layers of the late chalcolithic discovered in 2007. In this season three trenches (6, 7 and 8) were dug. At last, the evidence of the late chalcolithic was only found in trench 6. Unfortunately, the expedition couldn’t find any complete structural [architectural] remains due to illegal digging, but a considerable number of pottery sherds typical of this period, were found. This article will only focus on the typology, classification and various types of the late chalcolithic pottery.

Abhar Roud Baisn which is placed in the east of Zanjan precinct is not exactly recognized. This precinct is across the most important natural road which connects North West to central north. Qaleh Tape is one of the significant archeological sites which are placed in the south of this river. In recent years most of this Tape is destroyed. As a result of archeological investigation in this precinct many traces related to different period were found. One of the most important traces were regarding to clays related to Iron Age. This evidence show that people related to Iron Age period lived in this Tape. Finding clays named Poly Chrome which belongs to Bronze period showed that there was a connection between Qaleh Tape and eastern area and Qazvin in this period. Finding gray clays concerned with Iron Age in this precinct demonstrated that this place was used as a place for living from new Bronze period to Iron Age. Finding some intact clay belong to Iron Age I and a Poly Chrome container related to new Bronze Age showed that at the end of the Bronze period and at the beginning of the Iron Age this Tape was used as a cemetery. Finally, based on the other finding of this Tape related to new Bronze Age and Iron Age we can come to a conclusion regarding to cultural relations of Abhar Roud precinct people with adjacent area. Probably, Latrine Abhar precinct was the best connection way from central north to west and west north.

Various goals are targeted in modern studies performed on archaeology. Researchers, for instance, attempt to learn about architectural styles, economic condition, the power of the governing body , and peoples interest  towards religion through the study of monuments ,attending to Zoroastrianism And sensitivity towards religious events were among affairs attracting the attention of Sassanid kings. As a result, studying the history of this dynasty sheds lights on the reasons for  the kings interest to religion .thus the present research project attempted to perform an archeological study and on analysis of the spread of Chartaghies in the west and south-west of Fars province at the time of Sassanid dynasty during three archeological seasons in the winter of 2012, as well as the spring and summer of 2013, Eighteen Chartaghies were identified from Baladreh and Farashband towns to Firozabad .the current paper studies one of the most paramount and best -preserved Chartaghies- Naghare hkhaneh Chartaghies- in the afore- mentioned area Chronologically. The mind goal of this project was to do an architectural survey of Nagharekhaneh Chartaghi and to compare it with similar examples trying to deter mine its Chronology and history. Data collection was preformed through a field study accompanied with library work. Identifying the monument, topographical studies were performed. After wards, the pottery found at the site was thoroughly studied. The results of the study indicated that the present Chartaghi belongs to the time of the Sassanid dynasty and the early Islamic era in Iran based on the construction patterns observed. The chartaghi seems to belong to a period of time between the fifth to ninth centuries B.C.

Writing Poetry on the building of mosques, schools, tombs of the Islamic period has been used. The Qajar period is extended in this way. This style not only in buildings capital of Iran but also, center states and cities local authorities were concerned. Of poetry as part of the decoration and the building of the Darolehsan Masjid-Madrasah from the Qajar period in Sanandaj is used. Poetry in stone and tiles in the mosque inscriptions engraved in addition to aesthetics, construction time, especially on matters of substance. This style of poetry by two poets in the history of the period seems like ages buy Mirzafathollah Kurdistani pen named "Khoram" and MirzaSadeq Isfahani pen named "Nateq" were written. The first question, inscription this research to the manufacturer's in putting what is poetry? Second, you can be part of the social and cultural situation in this part of the country and the effects of bureaucratic structure - bureaucratic central government achieved? The answer to the first question is that in addition to the monitoring of its authority to establish a connection with the audience and patrons at this location. Moreover, these are poems that start and end in praise ode mosque client and its sponsors mentioned. The second hypothesis is that in this way the structure of bureaucracy, administrative, social and cultural capital of the lyrics and the mosque is well understood. Poet’s poetry shows competition in Sanandaj governance the one hand and the other hand to run large programs and architectural development in Kurdistan. The building was constructed prior to the training center in Sanandaj and Sunni religious training was conducted in Ottoman cities. The construction of the mosque -school became an important center of science and religion.

The present article demonstrates the impact of destiny and endeavor in human life according to the 70th question of Dādestān-e-Dēnīg. Fate and fortune deals with the concept of specified foreseen destiny in diffrent cultures while act as extraordinary power on life and death. Will's power in many scholars and philosophers' opinion, who believe deeply in fate is nothing in comparison with destiny. Alongside some believe the process of human life can be changed under the shadow of their effort and they are free to choose their fate through the power of will. In the 70th Question of Dādestān-e Dēnīg some events are controlled by fate and some by will. According to this question life, wife, children, wealth and health are based on fate while spiritual positions, being good or bad relate to endeavor.