نشریه علوم درمانگاهی دامپزشکی ایران
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 18، پاییز و زمستان 1396)

Influenza is one of the most important equine respiratory diseases. Two subtypes of equine influenza virus A/equine-1 (H7N7) and A/equine-2 (H3N8) have been identified. This study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of equine influenza virus in some provinces of Iran. Blood samples were taken from 290 horses and examined with haemagglutination (HI) test for detection antibodies against to two subtypes: H7N7 and H3N8. According to HI test, antibodies against to H3N8 were detected in 16(5.52%) horses; however, none of them had antibodies against to H7N7. The seroprevalence for H3N8 in the horses in Mazandaran, Hamadan, East Azerbaijan and Kermanshah, was 11.32%, 10.72%, 9.53% and 7.9%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between infection with sex and age of horses. It is concluded that the horses of Iran are infected only with H3N8 and therefore, this should be considered in vaccination to equine influenza virus.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PGE2 on follicular cyst treatment in dairy cow. A total of 95 lactating dairy cows with follicular cyst were selected for a 5-month period study were performed in Zagros farm in Shahrekord.The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups; the first group received 200 µg Gonaderoline Acetate, the second received 1 mg Dinoproston, the third group received 2 mg Dinoproston and finally control group which received 2 ml normal saline. 9 days later animals in first three treatment groups were received 500 µg Cloprostenol and animals in control group received 2 ml normal saline. Cows which showed heat in 7 days period after cloprostenol injection were artificially inseminated according to am-pm rule and the remaining animals were re-examined at day 18 ± 2. To measure the concentration of serum progesterone, blood samples were collected at the first and ninth days. Submission rate was singnificantly higher in treatment groups compared to control group (p0.05). Conception rate at the first service and the percent of different types of cysts in re-test after treatments were not significantly different (p>0.05). Serum levels of progesterone in the first and third groups compared to the second and control groups were significantly increased in 9 days (p

Arsenic is a toxic element that exists in mineral and industrial resources. The poultry can be contaminated with arsenic through water and food. This study was conducted to determine the effects of an in-ovo injection of arsenic on the hatchability. In addition, Influence of vitamin E and selenium to neutralize the effect of arsenic was investigated. Fertilized eggs that were obtained from a Broiler breeder farm were placed in incubator. On the seventh day of incubation, 192 embryonated eggs were divided into four groups of 48 eggs and 0.1 ml of solution was injected into air sacs. The eggs of group I (control group), Group II, Group III and Group IV were injected respectively distilled water, arsenic oxide, a blend of selenium and vitamin E and a blend of selenium, vitamin E and arsenic oxide. Then the eggs were returned to the incubator. Hatchability and weight of the newly hatched chicken were measured. Rate of hatchability in group I (control), group II (arsenic), Group III (vitamin E and selenium) and Group IV (vitamin E, selenium and arsenic) were respectively 92%, 67%, 98% and 83%. The results showed that the hatchability was significantly different between groups. It was found that injection of arsenic significantly reduced hatchability and injection of vitamin E and selenium significantly increased hatchability. Also It was found that the average weight chickens was significantly different between groups.

Using different kind of anesthetic by affecting on fishes audaciousness will decrease the effect of stress. In this research the effect of different concentrations of Propofol on survival and stress indexes (cortisol and blood sugar) were examined in Rainbow trout in transport condition. For this purpose, 4 treatment (3 replicate) including 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 ppm Propofol in water were assumed. 144 fishes with average weight of 130±6.5 gr and the density of 300kg/ , were distributed randomly in treatment and transport for 3 hours. At the time of 0, 4 and 8 hours after transport, the survival, cortisol and blood sugar were examined. At the end of the experiment the minimum survival (67%) were observed in control group, which has a significant differences with other groups (P

The knowledge of avian pain management is found as a new and restricted subject. Therefore, more studies are needed to be performed in this field. In addition to variation of analgesics, selection of appropriate doses of analgesics for different species of birds is an important challenge. According to the limited information about applications and effects of opioids in birds that have different hematologic profiles compared to mammals, and also because of enormous usage of these potent analgesics, this study was performed to evaluate and compare the hematological and biochemical effects of three common opioids tramadol, methadone and pethidine in pigeons. Sixty four adult pigeons of both sexes were randomly divided into 4 equal drug groups. Tramadol (4 mg/kg), methadone (5 mg/kg) and pethidine (20 mg/kg) were injected intramuscularly in groups 1, 2 and 3. Physiologic saline (0.5 ml) was intramuscularly injected to the pigeons in group 4 as the control group. Before drug administration and time of 30, 60 and 180 minutes after injection, blood samples have been taken from 4 pigeons in each group for measurement of some hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, PCV, HGB and H/L index) and serum biochemical values (TP, Alb, Glob, Glu, AST and Cortisol). Statistically evaluation of data showed suppression in stress indices as cotisole,leukocytes and H/L index which indicates profound sedative and analgesic effects of methadone compared to other opioids.

Surgical interventions lead to stress response in patient. Stress and pain evaluation is considered using some physiologic parameters such as white blood count. The relative proportions of each white blood cell type, usually obtained by light microscope examination of 100 leukocytes in a stained blood smear, are the components of the leukocyte profile (LP). Aging is known to affect immune response. The present study evaluated effects of intravenous administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg)-diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) combination on leukocyte profile in five young dogs (4-6 months) and 5 old dogs (7-9 years). Three blood samples have been taken in all animals: before drug administration as basic LP, at surgical anesthetic/analgesic period and at complete recovery due to anesthetic combination injection. Results showed ketamine-diazepam affected leukocyte's response. It caused increase of lymphocytes but, leukocyte changes in young and old group showed no significant differences.

In recent years, the simultaneous administration of two or more vaccines in hatchery has been applied for increasing immunity to avian pathogens. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of hatchery administration of immune-complex infectious bursal disease vaccine (Transmune IBD Vaccine, Ceva) on the immune response of broiler chickens induced Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. For this, 150 broiler chicks were divided into three groups. In the chicks in group 1, received a spray of live H120 B1 (Vitabron Ceva) and a subcutaneous injection of inactivated ND vaccines in hatchery. The chicks in group 2, were vaccinated against ND in the same manner as those in group 1, but immunized against IBD with Transmiun IBD vaccine in hatchery. The chicks in group 3, were vaccinated against ND and IBD vaccines only in hatchery in the same manner as those in group 2. All chicks from each group were beld on days 1, 14, 28 and 42 and the collected sere were assayed for ND-specific haemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody. The results revealed that chickens vaccinated with immune-complex IBD vaccine in hatchery had lower HI titer at 28 days old, significantly (p

Alpha-2 agonists are usually used in small animal anesthesia, sedation and as analgesic medicines. These medicines are used widely in combination with ketamine as pre-anesthesia medicines, although concerns about their cardiovascular and respiratory side-effects have prevented their full adoption into veterinary practice. Researches on alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists and their clinical use are widespread. This study is performed to compare clinically evaluated blood oxygen rates in dogs received, dexmedetomidine-ketamine and xylazine-ketamine combinations. For this, 5 healthy dogs of 1-2 years old were examined clinically and their clinical health was confirmed. Arterial oxygen content was recorded by pulse oximeter in normal mode. Then 15mg ketamine and 1.1mg xylazine was injected intravenously (IV) and in fasting mode per each kilogram of body weight. Arterial oxygen content was recorded every 5 minutes in an hour. Studies showed that in 5 minutes after injection the oxygen level decrease significantly (P=0.020). Injections were repeated using intra-muscular injection of ketamine-dexmedetomidine (10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight). Studies showed that in 5 minutes after injection, oxygen level decreased significantly (P= 0.038) but it starts increasing again and finally didn’t show any significant change compared to the time before injection. Totally, the study results show that intravenous (IV) injection of ketamine-xylazine reduce the arterial oxygen content and muscular injection of this medicine doesn’t have any effect on arterial oxygen content, while intramuscular injection of ketamine-dexmedetomidine reduces the arterial oxygen content in five minutes after the injection and returns to the normal level afterwards.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum antibody level against infectious bursal disease virus following administration of killed and live vaccines in broiler chickens. 270 day-old chicks were allocated to six groups: group A was vaccinated with D78 on day 19; group B received killed and live vaccines on days 3 and 19, respectively; group C was given killed and live vaccines on days 9 and 19, groups D and E received killed vaccine on days 3 and 9and group F was kept as control. From each group, three chicks were bled on day 3, and also 15 chicks on days 19, 26, 33 and 42. The collected sera were assessed for IBDV-specific antibody by ELISA test. Moreover, six birds from each group were randomly selected and individually weighed at 42 days of age. After killing, bursa Fabricius and spleen were weighed to calculate their relative weights to live body weight. The experimental groups did not show any significant difference up to 19 days of age. On day 26, groups B and D had a higher antibody titer than group F, but there was no significant difference among other groups. On days 33 and 42, groups A, B and C had the highest titers, and serum titer in group B was significantly more than that in groups A and C. The relative weights of lymphoid organs were not affected by vaccination. higher antibody titers were obtained from live vaccine after killed vaccine administration.

In this study, the Hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) and ELISA testes were checked and comprised with CBC in challenge with Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) and Avian Influenza (AI) sub type H9N2 viruses in ostrich. Eight ostrich chicks one months were prepared and divided randomly in two equal groups. Group 1 received IBD virus and group 2 received AI (H9N2) virus. Then on 2 days prior to challenge and 11 and 21 days post-challenge sera samples and on 2 days prior to challenge and 3, 11 and 21 days post-challenge blood smears were prepared from group 1 and on 2 days prior to challenge and 7 days post-challenge sera samples and on 2 days prior to challenge and 7 and 18 days post-challenge blood smears were prepared from group 2. The results were evaluated and analyzed by Sigma Stat software. In group 1, antibody titer significantly increased on 21 day post-challenge compared with 2 day prior to challenge and 11 day post-challenge but CBC didn’t show a significant change in after and before the challenges. In group 2, antibody titer significantly increased on 7 day post-challenge compared with 2 day prior to challenge but CBC didn’t show a significant change in before and after the challenges. The present study show that Infectious Bursal Disease virus infected the ostrich but didn’t any effects on CBC. HI and ELISA testes respectively are useful technique for detection of IBD and AI antibody after challenges in ostrich.

The influence of three dietary doses of finely ground powder of mountain celery (Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf) (0.25, 0.5, and 0,75%) were evaluated on growth, serological variables and ascites prevalence in broiler chickens. A group run without mountain celery and served as a control. Each experimental diet was fed to four groups of day-old broiler chicks (15 chicks per group) on litter flooring. The experiment lasted for 42 days. The results indicated a significant impact of mountain celery on growth (P

In spite of the wide application of nanoparticles in biotechnology and life science, there are many studies about the adverse effect of these elements on human health and environment. In this study the preservative role of taurine against toxic effects of nanosilver on ovine sperm motility was evaluated. Ovine epididymal sperm were exposed to different concentrations (0.05, 0.2, 0.4 M) of taurine (T) and nanosilver colloid (N) (1 ppm) for 120 min in vitro and then, the viability and motion parameters of sperm were assessed. The percentage of live sperm in taurine–treated groups did not differ in comparison with control (P > 0.05). The percentage of live sperm in T0.2/N1-group was higher than control (P > 0.05) and other treated groups (P

An Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of Aloe gel on the performance and immune responses of 240 day-old broilers cobb strain. Chicks were divided into six groups and each group into four subgroups on day 5 post hatch. The amount of zero (A0, control), 0.6 (A0.6).1.2 (A1.2), 1.8 (A1.8), 2.4 (A2.4) and 3mL/l (A3) Aloe gel were added to drinking water of each group up to day-42. Feed intake, daily live weight gain and feed conversion ratio were calculated every week. To evaluate cellular immune responses, 0.1=\ mL (0.2 mg/mL) phytohemagglutinin-p was injected intradermal in the skin fold of wings (day 16) and thickness of skin were measured after 24 and 48 hours. Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) 25% (0.1 mL) were injected in the breast muscle in days 8 and 22 to investigate humoral immune responses, and IgM, IgG and total antibody against SRBC was determined in days 21, 28, 35 and 42 by agglutination test. Results indicated that the highest of feed conversion ratio (1.82) and lowest of live weight gain (53.94 g/day) were obtained from control during whole period (P

Poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, is an important ectoparasite in poultry and has impacts on egg and meat production worldwide. Susceptibility of the populations of the red mite to amitraz (Mactomile®), carbaryl (Mac tak®) and cypermethrin (Sevin®) were evaluated gathered from eight naturally infected caged laying poultry farms, which are located in North West of Iran. Twenty mites from all stages were exposed to five concentrations of the acaricides and distillated water was used as control. The test was repeated five times for each concentration of the acaricides. The mites were confined in the test cells at 20°C and humidity of 60% for 24 hours. The mean efficacy of cypermethrin (100 ppm), amitraz (200 ppm) and carbaryl (850 ppm) were 36.38%, 67.68% and 70.77% respectively. The difference of mean efficacy of cypermethrin was significant (P ≤0.05) by amitraz and carbaryl, but the difference between amitraz and carbaryl was not significant (P ≥0.05). The lowest efficacy (11.5%) for cypermethrin and the highest (100%) for carbaryl had been record.
The results showed that the field red mite populations from commercial layer farms in North West of Iran are tolerant to tested acaricides. The poor efficacy of commercially used acaricides that is supported by extensive frequency of red mite in layer farms indicates the need for replacing the old pesticides with more effective pesticides and to set up a better monitoring system for acaricides usage.