نشریه مطالعات ساختار و کارکرد شهری
پیاپی 12 (زمستان 1394)

Socio-cultural spaces in social interaction and promotion of an effective citizenship. Therefore, socio-cultural spaces of the city in order to achieve the development of culture as having a reputation Strengthening socio-cultural and social spirit and urbanism is a necessity.Therefore, improving the quality of this category of spaces over other types of spaces to create healthy urban and community will flourish. The aim of the research is to identify and assess the socio-cultural spaces of the metropolis. The research is based on practical purpose and is based on cross-sectional nature. The sample included 75 executives and experts in the field shall be Using Index has been identified and ratings. Using factor analysis, four factors were identified that a total of 91/18% of the variance, and is calculated. The results obtained from this analysis show that physical factor with the percentage of variance 65/44 Main priorities and social performance 12/33% of the variance, Economic and environmental 8/37& 5/02 percent of the variance-weighted average Were the most influential factors is the quality of cultural spaces.

Urban spaces and the efficacy of its success, depends on facilities and equipment in which it is embedded spaces. In the present study, the main street of the city Bukan has been selected to investigate the status of urban furniture elements in this street. In the process of gathering the required data, primarily based on studies, library of standard elements of urban furniture as a benchmark, extracted and classified. Assessment of the study area in reference to the views of citizens on the basis of the distribution of questionnaires. In calculating the gap between desired elements of the urban furniture than a score of 1 in each of the areas pattern regularity at the level of appropriateness of urban furniture in the range of ternatte is obtained. The results show that element in the bench area (A) and (B) located on the lower level. Trash element of (A) low, but the range of (B) and (C) are at the level promised. Bus shelters within the element (A) and low range (C) condition is acceptable. Billboard advertising panel and also tell the status of the element in the acceptable range (A) and the appropriate range of (B) and (C) is. Also at the booth of the press, the average meter in the range of A and C and B are within acceptable condition.

Urban system consists of a set of small and big cities forming a context of a region along each other, and are committed to change and progress during the time passage. Since the method of the distribution of residential areas in the land field, disconnection and incongruity of spatial structure, are features of urban systems in the country, the investigation of these features in all parts of the country such as Kurdistan province in order to recognize the links and differences seems as an indispensable task. The main objective of the present study is to analyze and evaluate spatial-temporal structure of urban system of Kurdistan province. Analyze-descriptive method was used and Survey – Documentary is the tools of data collection. Rank-size rule, Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient, coefficient of variation, tensile coefficient, first city index, two cities index, for city, coefficient difference are the models that were exploited for specifying the condition of the urban system. In addition, GIS software was used for specifying spatial distribution of townships in the region in each period of consensus. The results indicate that the urban network of the province inclines to imbalance and disconnection and it is faced with half-moderate urban network. However, the increase in the amount of the concentration in the province results in disconnection in the urban system of the province and much more imbalance in the future.

Having tourism features within city, guarantee personal, social, economical & environmental profits for citizens. Decreasing tension, elevating mental health, raising creativity, improving skills and even citizen’s character perfection is to be contained of urban tourism development advantages. On the other hand, invigorating family relationships, developing public communication, bringing social state up, increasing employment, flourishing urban districts, improving servicing infrastructures, raising public welfare, preserving natural resource and cultural heritage, educating environmental culture and cooperation between urban management and environmental institutions could be concerned of the other social, economical and environmental benefits of urban tourism development. This article aims to using available capacities of urban management (municipality), explain executive and strategic policies in urban tourism development. Getting involved municipality as urban government on tourism is derived through new citizens' expectations and in this regard urban management requires executive and strategic policies for proper agenda. So, Tehran municipality as case study is investigated to provide social, economical and environmental teaching for other cities.

Nowadays, informal settlements and generally urban poor textures has become an important issue in both developed and developing countries. The major problem of poor settlements and slums is lack of security. Making safer urban spaces is one of the critical necessities in any city. For this reason, many efforts have been considered in order to reduce crime through environmental design. Due to the inherent problem which informal settlements face in urban areas, identifying principles and standards of urban design and environmental design in design of secure residential spaces, in order to improve security, is the main purpose of this study. Data of this study has been collected by using a questionnaire and library studies, and descriptive - analytic method to analyze these data. And in order to analyze collected data an analytical method (ANP) has been used. Results show that access control, natural surveillance, mass culture has a considerable impact on security of informal settlements. According to the principles of urban design for creating a secure environment based on quality standards and guidelines could lead to an improvement in quality and security of informal settlements which lead to an improvement in environmental conditions of these settlements. Finally, this study has tried to establish and improve the security of informal settlements by studying previous experiences and theories.