فصلنامه فلسفه دین
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 40، پاییز 1397)

On Allameh tabatabaee’s view, the existence of God is self-evident and also all proofs of affirmation of God’s existence are self-evident. Including these proofs, is the proof, famous to righteous that among previous sages, is used to affirm God’s existence, but in exquisite exposition, Allameh tabatabaee has discussed it as self-evident proof. In this article, I try to analyze and criticize this proof in terms of being self-evident. Since this proof doesn’t have the criterion of self-evident proof completely, another exposition of self-evident proof that has this criterion completely or at higher level. In this article, these exposition on the basis of analysis of genesis and annihilation is extracted and explained from Allameh tabatabaee’s writtings.

The discussion of divine theology is a cross-flow in the history of philosophy, which has attracted the attention of great thinkers. In fact, in the three areas of cognitive existence-the difference between the Creator and the creature, the verbal sharing of existence and other traits to the negation of traits from the essence of the Almighty God - epistemological - doubts the power of reason in understanding God - and linguistic - language constraints for Expressing the transcendental one - thinking about God.
By reviewing the theological system of Ibn Sina, we conclude that in the synonymous existence, there is a great split between the absolute being of God and other creatures. He is the cause of the creatures, but there is no similarity with them. In the epistemological dimension, it is possible to deny the possibility of a positive knowledge according to reality. In the field of linguistics, the reasons for theological theology are based on the existential and epistemic dimension of this view. Nor, of course, is what is unknotted and inexplicable

In this article, I consider Iris Murdoch`s view on modern moral philosophy. Murdoch believes that ethic is the most important human activity which are called for two points; first to be realistic, and second to answer the question of how we can make us morally better. Based on these two demands, Murdoch criticized modern moral philosophy, in which, according to her, human will is the core of moral act and makes moral choice arbitrary which depends on human choice. This thought do not help ethic but makes moral act more difficult. The consequence of modern moral philosophy is fantasy and selfishness that create fat ego. Fat ego is a self-centered man who moves away from morality.

AbstractOne of the most crucial mystical concepts known as perfection and humanvirtue, and achieved at the highest levels of servitude and spiritual conduct,is "freedom" and spiritual freedom. This character contrary to the concept offreedom in political and social terminologies is the sincere worship and theabandonment of the wrongful servitude. Once a person reaches spiritualityand spiritual liberty it is worth passing through the highest levels of conduct.In the meanwhile, the material possessions are completely abandoned. Inthe present paper, the researchers aimed at studying this concept from areligious and mystical point of view so as to express the semantic range andspiritual value of it in mysticism and the language of the knowledgeablepeople. To that end, the concept of freedom is known in terms of word and itsrelation to other concepts such as worship, and perfect human beings. It hasalso been analyzed from the language of Seyyed Alaherar Ali Morteza (AlaheSalam). This paper has been bene%ted by some of the great scholars ofmysticism and the owners of mystical thought and wisdom as well. In theend, the results of this study are subject to the use of the religiousadvocates, freedom-seekers and proponents of free-living servants.Keywords: Freedom, Servitude, Free Human–being, Perfect Human–being

Our goal is analytical inquiry of process view of Barbour about act of God in World. Following nowadays scientific view, Ian Barbour believes that is run the nature with natural laws, but he also believes to God action in natural World, and he see them consistent, because that happen at two different levels. Natural laws state effect of physical agents of phenomenon, and act of God state effect of interior.
In the World of that is described by Barbour, natural factors and human wills write future of world, even God does not know future of world. Act of God in the world is limited to present of proposal and introduce of information to creatures, and God is recognized as factor by the side of other factors, but this God is very weak and needy, and he can not be worthy of worship

Reason and science of the region have provided the discovery of truth and the achievement of the answers and ambiguities of human life in the new age. The same mustache has spoken about the lack of necessity of religion in building human life, and has rejected religious teachings for the sake of being alone with the approaches of reason and science. The answer to these ambiguities and to uphold the worship of religion in defense of its wise and wise prestige is essential. Professor Motahari, by understanding this necessity in a coherent set of scientific publications, has expressed the importance of reason and science and the pursuit of sharia. He considers the complexity of religion not to provide all the details but to provide a mechanism for extracting details at all ages and times. Based on this mechanism and process, which is nothing but a rational-minded ijtihad, the Mujtahid can To achieve a balance between religious intransigence and flexibility and religious change. He agrees with the priority of reason in understanding the religious propositions and considers it useful in the field of lawmaking. On the one hand, it is believed that Islam does not reject experimentation and science, but considers it to be religious. Therefore, wisdom and science are at the exact end with the Shari'ah, but in terms of the priority of wisdom prior to science and religion.

Divine command theory is one of the most important issues which is so controversial among the ideas have been discussed in ethics. Contemporary thinkers have mostly been concerned about it. Duns Scotus who has emphasizes on the free will and omnipotence of God in his theological ideas, takes the commandments of God as the source of moral obligation and presented an ontological exposition of this theory. He has taken divine commandments as a necessary condition for moral values and believes that the will of God, should be the only criterion of moral obligation. The lack of separation from the divine will and the lack of specific criteria for the recognition of the will of God, are most important problems that Duns Scotus is facing whit. This paper explains Divine command theory and the various versions of this theory to explain and explore the ideas of Duns Scotus in this regard.

Ashura and karbala event is the most important historical events so far about a lot of research have been done. but , unfortunately this incident is not considered by researchers and Philosophers of philosophy of religion. this study is an attempt Meaning-centered about Ashura and karbala to that role of purpose in this event pays and States purposes and Incentives of imam Hossein in this historical event. Such as these : awakening People of ignorance and folly , Save the people from materialism and Luxury-oriented and Administration of Justice, Reform of the people and Peace , not war. In the present article Concluded that Ashura Full of purpose and meaning of life . In addition ; it shows New meaning of syneretist of two types of purposes. that's mean ; god's purpose and self- purpose. namel ; god's purpose and self- purpose in this event is not separated or apart

Knowledge value means conformity with the event. In the discussion of the epistemic value of Shi'a religious claims, religious teachings are a firm criterion in determining the authenticity of knowledge and is consistent with reality. In discourse-anecdote method, religious concept are from God, and anything God says is fact which is ongoing in the universe and his words are in agreement with the truth. Therefore knowledge value of these concepts is actually a proof that they have originated from God. This paper has investigated the issue of knowledge value of religious concepts, from two aspects, the first aspect clarifies how conformity between events and concepts is specified for common people, and this aspect includes the notions of wisdom, Tansis (relating an Islamic anecdote to its narrator), introducing former prophets and miracle. The second aspect clarifies how conformity between events and concepts is specified for the prophet himself. The second aspect includes notions such as the role of chastity in perception and delivery of religious concepts, the role of the Holy Spirit in knowledge value of religious concepts, and the quality of authentication of prophets in cognition of religious concepts .In religious epistemology, cognition is achieved through inspiration and revelation, and revelation and inspiration are at the highest level of credibility, and wisdom and after the revelation, in the light of which, provide the source of the epistemology of religion.