فصلنامه اسلام و مطالعات اجتماعی
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 23، زمستان 1397)

In this article, the constructivist view of genealogy about the formation of meanings has been criticized from the perspective of Islamic wisdom. Therefore, a description of the genealogy view on meanings has first been presented and the role of the power and discourse functions has been analyzed in the construction of meanings. In the following, using the common principles of Islamic wisdom, the critiques and the defects of the constructivist approach to genealogy have been identified in two parts: the foundational critiques and the epistemological consequences in the humanities. Ontological reductionism, objectification of the meanings, unteleological historicism, the primacy of will to perception, and negation of the essential relationships in the formation of semantic systems are among the most important foundational critiques of this approach. We then outlined the consequences of this view in the humanities. The most important of these was the unjustified reductionism and generalizing the characteristics of constructed meanings to all meanings, unconscionable socialism in the formation of meanings, relativism and the lack of criteria for measurement and evaluation, the death of truth and the denial of the matching of meanings with the reality of the objects per se, and the desacralization of science. In the end, the viewpoint of Islamic philosophy on the meanings and their types is expressed, and the possibility of constructing meanings from the perspective of Islamic wisdom in terms of conventional meanings is examined and the distinction of this view with the constructivist reading of genealogy is explained.

Necessarily each epistemic set follows a method and logic. Weber, one of the founders of social science, claims that he uses the developmental logic for this science. On the one hand, he is considered to be a neo-Kantian thinker, so the main question of the article is how Kant's transcendental logic has been reconstructed in the developmental logic. To answer this question, a descriptive-analytic method has been used. The results show that as the relationship between the a priori thing, that is, philosophy, and the a posteriori thing, i.e., empirical science, in the Kant's logic, is concomitant, that is to say, that philosophy provides the possibility of empirical science, this is also the case in Weber's logic, with the conceptual transformations that have undergone in Weber's logic. Science is laden with value. Values make a part of the reality meaningful. Below the evaluating ideas, the ideal type is formed, as in the case of the Kantian noumena, determines the limits, so that the above thing is realized, through the notion of objective possibility from the perspective of generalized knowledge, sufficient; rather than the metaphysical necessity.

Norms are one of the most important and most prominent cultural components and are the most effective factors in the formation of individual and collective identities. This paper examines the process of the emergence of norms and their most important functions using the philosophical anthropological analysis (psychology) and the enquiring the holy Quran. In this paper, by analyzing the process of taking voluntary actions and their intellectual and spiritual effects, it has become clear that, based on the philosophical anthropology and divine verses, firstly, the factor which causes a society or person to regard certain behaviors or behavioral patterns as normal and prefer them to other forms of behavior, is the principles and foundations of axiology, which themselves are based on the worldview and are the consequents of it. Secondly, the most important function of norms is to strengthen and consolidate the same axiological foundations and cosmological thoughts, and of course, this fundamental function itself has other subfunctions, such as the consolidation of values in the society, the resolution of disagreements and the realization of the solidarity.

Values are one of the most important issues that have attracted the attention of sociologists in establishing social order. With the aim of preserving the existing values of society, social custodians try to identify ways of transferring them to future generations. The importance of this work is twofold in Islamic societies, especially by the religious teachings of the Qur'an and hadith. This paper, with a method of scriptural-interpretive analysis, seeks to answer the question of how the transfer of values in the society is. The results show that values are transmitted through the learning and observation, imitation of the reference and law groups, norm-making, the sense of belonging, choosing a spouse, and marriage. The expression of Islamic discourse on science and religion is one of the innovations of the paper that is expressed in the context of the transfer of values in the Qur'an and hadith.

This paper, with the subject of comparative study of political socialization in the Safavid state and the Islamic Republic of Iran, with a comparative method and through a reference to available resources and documents, the patterns and process of political socialization in two periods of the political history of the country have been studied and evaluated. Political socialization, which is the process of recognizing and accepting the beliefs, values, attitudes and thoughts of the ruling political system, is an inevitable necessity for legitimizing power in the ruling system and in both the Safavid state and the Islamic Republic it has been tried to achieve it, with the help of various means and methods. Regarding the religious and Shiite nature of the state in both periods, exploitation of the capacity of the system of beliefs, values, system of thought and knowledge, political participation and political propaganda were important mechanisms that each has, in its own way, been able to use their capacity for political socialization of members of the community.

Each stance of the policymaker gives him a hermeneutic situation, and his subsequent understandings are influenced by this choice. Such situations are hermeneutical situating factors, some of which are key factors, and with each choice in these situations, a chain of hermeneutical situations will arise. In this research, using the theme analysis strategy, the conflicting situations in the area of the family have been extracted, based on six sources: upstream documents, Imam Khomeini's and the Supreme Leader's statements, strategies and policies adopted by governments, opinions of authorities, elites and educators, the models and patterns of public policy-making, cultural policy-making models, as well as the Council of Europe’s twenty-one strategic dilemmas and in 11 steps using the ISM method, the key hermeneutical situating elements have been identified and explained. In the end, the most important hermeneutical challenges in the family domain have been explored, based on the relationships between key hermeneutical situating factors in a general "level" and four levels of hermeneutical key situating factors in the area of family.

With the dominance of the technological aspect in the contemporary world, the scope of social interactions and means of identification and identity formation has also changed, as online social networks are one of the key contexts for self-expression, making personal identity, and displaying social character and lifestyle. Using sociological theoretical opinions related to lifestyle and social media, this research has analyzed the way in which everyday life is represented and displayed in the context of Instagram. The research method is qualitative and based on the logic of theoretical saturation, the sample size includes 23 people. Data analysis was performed using Clarke and Braun's thematic analysis method.
The results of the research indicate that Iranian actors in cyberspace see the Instagram network as a place for showing daily life, sharing fascinating physical aspects, and presenting a story of individualistic pleasures. Thus, the actors' acting strategies in the Instagram social network are often in the way of representing modern lifestyles.