فصلنامه مطالعات امنیت اجتماعی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 28، زمستان 1390)

A paramilitary organization like Basij can fulfill its own various missions in social, cultural, political and security fields provided that it organizes its missions and tasks effectively and efficiently, and benefit from the existing options. One of the methods is psychological operation. The present research is to look into the mechanisms and processes of benefiting from efficient psychological operation by Basij. In this research, survey method is used to achieve its major and minor objectives. For this purpose, the sample comments of 72 managers and experts familiar with mission fields of Basij measured through benefiting from a selfmade scale with validity of 0.87. The results indicated that firstly, majority of the respondents consider benefiting from psychological operation essential. Secondly, through benefiting from psychological operation, Basij can conduct its missions more effectively. Thirdly, among strategies of psychological operation used by Basij, some strategies are more effective. Fourthly, some psychological operation techniques are more effective than others. Finally, Basij should use some strategies, methods and techniques of psychological operation more than the others to enhance its efficiency.

The spatial-time related analysis expresses this important and basic point that in some parts of the city, due to the existing social, economic and cultural structure dominating them, rate of delinquency is high, and on the contrary some urban spaces prevent criminal opportunities. The present research aims at analyzing spatial organization of social abnormalities in Zanjan city and identifying the venue patterns and factors which are facilitator of committed crimes. The research conducted to combat and control neighborhoods involved in crimes through using Index graphic techniques and Geographical Information system. The research is of analytical-contrastive type and for identifying spatial patterns of crimes distribution all over the city used average centre test, standard deviation ellipse, clustering test, indices of the nearest neighbor and kernel density estimation. Statistical population of the research is the whole committed crime occurred in a period of one year in Zanjan city. Findings of the research indicates that misdemeanor of malignancy and row, addiction and street annoyance have allocated the most frequency of crimes among the committed crimes, respectively (692,684,557); on the contrary, murder has allocated the least frequency to itself, compared to the above-mentioned crimes. Spatial distribution of committed crimes in Zanjan city follows cluster and concentrated in the city are the places wherein delinquency is concentrated; onthe contrary the other parts are free of delinquency, and average centre of committed crimes match geographical centre of Zanjan city. The most important epicenters of committed crimes in Zanjan city in the surveyed year are matched with central part of the city with 793 cases of delinquency (21.13percent of the total number of crimes), "Bisim" region with 570 cases (15.53 percent of the total number of crimes) and "Islamabad" region with 321 cases (8.51 percent of the whole number of crimes). There is a significant relationship between high density of population in the neighborhoods and enhancement of social abnormalities in Zanjan city. On the other hand, huge number of residential units and lack of the required geographical distribution of the type and rate of crimes and formation of delinquency spatial patterns in the region.

The present article aims at reviewing the societal factors contributing to societal security of women in charge of their families (widows, divorced women) are under coverage of three charity organizations in terms of emotional, communicative, financial and vital aspects. The theory of societal security approved through being inspired by Copenhagen school and using theories of Emil Parsons, Barry Bouzan in empirical level. Societal security is defined based on the potential of social unit. The research used documentary and survey-site methods. N=310 selected through using Cochran statistical formula, and, and every organization's quota is determined through using categorization method, based on the population of women in charge of their families who are under coverage of charity organizations. The required information gathered through using questionnaire tool (53 questions), and deep interview with them and through studying their records. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire Chronbach Alpha coefficient (0.76) used, and the data analyzed by SPSS. Analysis technique indicated that family support, practicing law on one hand, and women's capabilities on the other significantly contribute to women's societal security. Landa two- variable correlation test confirms that there is significant relationship (0.05) between charity organization and societal security.

One of the basic strategies of the police forces for development of security and establishment of discipline, is improving knowledge and belief on the part of police commanders and staff, whereas based on theoretical literature belief in usefulness and psychological security of the members of working teams are among the factors which have effect on behavioral indices is learning behavior, the present study aims at determining the impact of psychological security beliefs and usefulness of the members of police units on the level of performance of the units while taking into consideration the learning behavior of the unit. Survey- analytical method and questionnaire technique utilized for gathering information in the framework of the model of structural equations. N=300 including those personnel who work at police stations all over Hamadan province, and 108 persons selected randomly from among 300 persons divided in 8 groups. The results of the study indicates the positive impact of learning behavior on performance, and the impact of psychological security and team usefulness over learning behavior, and performance of disciplinary units, as well. The intermediate role learning behavior of the members of disciplinary units between psychological security and performance approved; however, its intermediate role between usefulness and performance of units rejected. Therefore, it is through improving psychological security belief and usefulness of the members of disciplinary units that learning behavior of the members in terms of their capability in conducting disciplinary affairs improves. Haring developed these beliefs, one can expect police forces to act more effectively during implementation of their tasks, and while dealing with forecast, prevention, follow up and combat in police stations and operational units.