نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 117، تیر 1398)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common chronic disease that up to 20% of patients are referred to gastroenterologists. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychopathology of people with irritable bowel syndrome and non-infected individuals. The present study was a comparative-comparative study. The statistical population included all patients that came from different areas of Tehran for treatment to specialized gastroenterology clinics during May and June 2017. The sample included 30 patients with irritable bowel syndrome that were selected by available sampling method. The comparison group also selected 30 people by matching method and subjects responded to the scale of mental disorders (SCL-90-R). To analyze the collected data, has been used multivariate analysis of variance with respect to its assumptions. The results of this study showed that there is a significant difference between individuals with irritable bowel syndrome and non-complicated components of physical complaints, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity and anxiety. But in the components of phobia, paranoid thoughts and psychosis were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that irritable bowel syndrome is a disorder in some of the components of mental disorders and it is recommended that these components be addressed by specialists in the therapeutic interventions.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major health problems throughout the world. The hemodynamic indices of patients with head injuries change, and these changes can worsen the level of consciousness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of FSRM on the level of consciousness and hemodynamic indices in patients with traumatic coma. In this randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with traumatic coma admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICU) of  Shohaday-e Haft-e Tir in Tehran, and Imam Hossein hospital in Shahrood were randomly selected in 2017.
They were randomly assigned to two groups (control and RFM groups) using a randomized block method. Patients in both groups received routine care. Additionally, in the experimental group, RFM was performed twice a day for two weeks each day for 30 minutes. The level of consciousness of the patients was evaluated and measured using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) before, one week, and two weeks after entering the study. The hemodynamic indices were measured and recorded before, immediately after, 30 minutes, and 2 hours after the intervention on the first and second days of intervention by bedside calibrated the monitor. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square, Fisher's exact, and ANOVA tests with repeated measures using SPSS(version 21). The number of patients reaching complete consciousness in the intervention group was more than the control group (p=0.002). The number of days to reach complete consciousness was lower in RFM group (p=0.001). In the intervention group, immediately after (p=0.017) and 30 minutes after intervention (p=0. 016), the systolic blood pressure decreased substantially compared to the control group. In the intervention group, immediately after the intervention, hemodynamic indices were lower compared to other measurement times. Based on the results, FSRM increased the level of consciousness of the patients and reduced the duration of coma. The results showed the immediate effect of intervention on reducing hemodynamic indices. The nurses in ICUs are recommended to use this easy and inexpensive method to perform sensory stimuli in patients with coma to improve their level of consciousness and enhance their hemodynamic parameters.

Pain is one of the most important complications after Electroconvulsive therapy. Failure to take this pain reduces the satisfaction of patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate patients' satisfaction with post- Electroconvulsivetherapy pain control by means of massage therapy in patients with depression. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 56 patients with depression who referred to the Department of Electroconvulsive Therapy at Razi Psychiatric Center, Urmia, during the sampling period. Admission and random access criteria were categorized into control and intervention groups. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire, a visual scale of pain assessment, and patient satisfaction questionnaire. In the intervention group, the location and severity of pain were determined by using the dummy shapes and visual instrument for pain assessment by the patient, and Reflexology for 20 minutes at reflex points and the patient's satisfaction form was completed. The results were analyzed with SPSS-24 software using satisfactory The results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of satisfaction of the studied units. In other words, a significant reduction in the severity of pain after ECT in patients with depression and patient satisfaction was significantly affected by pain control (P <0.001) According to the results of this study, it can be suggested that by incorporating a reflexive massage in the nursing plan to control the complications after medical treatment, it would increase patient satisfaction and their survival in the treatment program.

Insomnia and sleepiness are common sleep disorders in various societies, especially among students. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sleep quality of students at school of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 with the participation of 207 students with an average age of 22.91 years. The study tools were Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive and analytic tests such as independent t-test, chi-squared, and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. The mean score of sleep quality, sleepiness, and insomnia severity were 5.10 (0-21), 10.39 (0-24), and 8.87 (0-28), respectively. The sleep quality did not differ significantly between male and female students (P-value> 0.05). About 36.2% of students had poor sleep quality, 45% of students reported mild insomnia, and 50% of them reported daily sleepiness? Listening to the music before bed and also the stress did not affect the sleep quality of students significantly (P-value> 0.05), while they significantly increased the students' sleepiness (P-value <0.05). Daytime sleepiness was high among students (regardless of gender and residence status) and its severity was higher among students with stress and the habit of listening to music before bedtime. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to increase the quality of sleep and decrease the daytime sleepiness of all health science students.

Families of patients with cancer during the course of their care of patients suffer from various economic, physical, social, psychological and spiritual challenges that cause their burden of care. Understanding the correlation between care and hope in these families can be effective in establishing a support system to reduce this burden. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the burden of care and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients in Iran. In this cross-sectional descriptive-correlational study, 150 family caregivers of cancer patients who were referred to Ayatollah Taleghani, Shohada Tajrish, Messiah Daneshvari and Imam Hossein hospitals in Tehran from August to November 2017 were selected by available sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, Spearman, independent t-test, ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis at a significance level of 0.05. The mean and standard deviation of hope and burden of care among family caregivers were 25.74 ± 11.72 and 31.74 ± 4.36 respectively. There was a significant relationship between hope and care burden (-0.457). The result of the regression test showed that the hope variable significantly predicted the care burden. Family caregivers during the care of cancer patients are undergone by the burden of care, which is associated with their hope. Therefore, attention to the hope of these caregivers is emphasized.

Caring is one of the most important roles of nurses. Today, these care services are neglected due to a variety of diseases, many of which have not been addressed and are defined as missing nursing care. To evaluate and compare the lost nursing care in educational hospitals, especially social ward. This was a descriptive study in which 453 nurses working in educational, private and social hospitals were available from ten hospitals, after responding to the questionnaires, in different shifts, were selected and selected. Data was collected using a missing care questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Spss19 software. Findings showed that nursing care lost in the field of study was private in private hospitals (40.2 ± 21.9) than social care hospital (18.3 ± 20.8) and in Social Security Hospital Compared with educational hospitals (3/02 ±8/8) with (p = 0.001). The results of this study showed that nursing care lost in educational hospitals is less than social and private hospitals and requires more attention of senior hospital managers to reduce nursing care lost in private hospitals and Emphasizes social security.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) consists of physiological, cognitive and behavioral changes that periodically occur in luteal phase of menstrual in women. It is defined as premenstrual dysphoric disorder if it leads to a disruption in family, social and work activities.  In order to comparison of perceived stress, coping strategy, and social support between girl students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and normal group, 200 students of Malayer University were randomly selected in the year 2017. A questionnaire were designed and filled out that consists of screening test of premenstrual syndrome, perceived stress, coping strategies and social support scales. The screening test detected 100 people with PMS, 21 people with PMDD, and 76 people in normal group. Data were analyzed with multivariable analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results showed students with PMS, PMDD and normal group had significantly different scores in coping strategies in emotion-based coping (F= 7.26, p < 0.01), distancing (F= 6.65, p < 0.01), and flight-avoidance coping (F= 5.94, p < 0.01) than normal group.  Pos hoc test of Tukey showed that PMDD group has significantly higher scores in emotion-based strategy than normal group (p < 0.01). In flight- avoidance strategy, PMS group was higher than normal group (p < 0.05) and PMDD group had higher levels than PMS group (p < 0.01). In distancing strategy, PMDD group had significantly higher levels of scores than PMS group (p < 0.05) and normal group (p < 0.01). There was no significant defferences in pecieved stress and social support between sample groups. Research findings showed that coping strategies had significantly with PMS and PMDD, so the necessity of psychological interventions would result in healthy consequences. Regarding the same circumstances of dormitory, there was no significant defferences in pecieved stress and social support between sample groups.

Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common complaint in young women which can have negative affection on their daily activities and can upset their quality of life and social activities. This aim of this study was to compare quality of life, self-efficacy and depression in females with and without primery dysmenorrhea. This cross-sectional, comparative-descriptive study was performed in 1397 with participation of 370 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Sampling method in this study was accessible. Data was collected by using a five-part questionnaire: personal and menstrual characteristic, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), quality of life questionnaire, self-efficacy and depression. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 21 and descriptive statics and independent t-test, chi squared and ANOVA. P≤0.05 was considered significant. The mean of quality of life in the total physical aspect, (p=0.002), general health (p=0.004), bodily pain (p=0.05), physical functioning (p=0/02) and physical limitations (p=0.05) was significant difference between both group of female students with and without primary dysmenorrhea. Howevere, in students with dysmenorrhea self-efficacy was lower and depression was higher. But self-efficacy (p=0.2) and depression (p=0.2) in students with and without dysmenorrhea didn’t have a significant difference. Results of study showed, in females with dysmenorrhea, Quality of life and self-efficacy were lower and depression was higher then females without dysmenorrhea. Therefore, with increasing awareness, educating and providing appropriate methods of improvement of healthy lifestyle to these girls and consequently, can be of great help them for improving quality of life.