نشریه بیولوژی کاربردی
سال هشتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، بهار 1397)

Probiotics are live organisms applying advantageous effects to their host, and are often taken as supplementary food or complementary medicine. Nowadays, the rate of probiotic products is widely increased among the world. Reinforcement of body immunity, decrease of serum cholesterol and digestive infection, less risk of cancer attack and decrease of skin allergies and e.t.c., all are the practical features of probiotics. The dermal fungal diseases are infections caused by various dermatophyt spieses attacks to the human and animal skin epiderm, aiming at the skin creatine tissues and make infections with intense or mild clinical significances. During this study, the accordance probiotic was chosen in a laboratory condition, and then 40 wistar male mice, same in age and weight, in a standard condition were divided randomly to five control groups; including positive and negative and three split tests. The process of treatment in three different feeding conditions was examined immediately after applying food contamination and ointment and reaching the maximum level of contamination. The results extracted from the research proved the positive effect of probiotics on the fungus named ‘Microsprum canis’ and the treatment of consequent disease.

The term "cryopreservation" refers to the storage of cells, organs, and tissues in liquid nitrogen ( 196 ° C). At this temperature, the physical and biochemical reactions of cells are virtually stopped; in these particular circumstances, the time of protection is unlimited. Storage of seeds is arguably the most efficient method for the ex situ preservation of plant genetic resources. Low storage costs and regeneration of whole plants from genetically diverse material, offer distinct advantages for the storage for conservation of seeds compared with other types of plant tissues.

In order to preserve seeds of Foeniculum vulgare(Apiaceae) medicinal plant, in cryopreservation condition, we used Desiccation pre-treatment for seeds. After a week seeds of treatment were extracted from the liquid Nitrogen and were melted in Ben Murray with 42°C. Then treatment and control seeds were transferred to a germinator in 24°C and 16/8H optical period.The seeds were distillated by Clevenger apparatus and the essential oils obtained were analyzed by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity determined by DPPH method.

The percent of viability of the control seeds (83%) was observed in comparison to the treated (53%). The major component of essential oil was anethole (80.04%) comparing the control (78.6%). No adverse effects were observed on the antioxidant properties and their essential oils.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most common gram-negative bacteria in the development of nosocomial infections, in particular urinary tract infections, which has been resistant to antibiotics in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance in the most common capsule types of this bacterium in Zarinshahr city of Isfahan.

29 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in patients admitted to different parts of Zarinshahr Hospital in summer 2016 to summer 2017 were selected. After confirmation of phenotypic and genotype and determination of capsule types in them, antibiotic resistance pattern in isolates was determined using Kirby-bauer method, according to the CLSI standard, on the Muller Hinton Agar, 13 antibiotics were determined. Frequency of antibiotic resistance gene encoding genes including tetA, cmlA, Cat1, blaSHV, sul1, aac (3) -IV, aadA 1, qnr CITM, dfrA1, and tetB genes in isolates was determined by PCR method.

Serotype K2 with 74.51% frequency was the most commonly known capsule serotype known in isolates. All isolates had multiple antibiotic resistance and in addition to penicillin, their antibiotic resistance was the highest (10.93%) and tetracycline (44.30%) respectively. The tetA and sul1 genes with the frequency of 86.75% and 41.72% were the most common, and the two cat1 and cm1A genes with a frequency of 89.60% and 44.10% were the least common antibiotic resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from urinary tract infections.

This research was conducted in 2016 with the aim of investigating the concentration of heavy metals of cadmium, lead and arsenic in ten rice imported in Dezful. This experiment was carried out 3 replications and in the form of the completely randomized design(CRD). Statistical analyses were performed using the MSTST-C statistical package and means were compared with Duncan test at 5 percent level. In this study, the means of concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic in the all rice samples were 1.063±0.012, 31.1± 1.04 and 124.5± 3.43 µg. Kg-1, respectively. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in among the studied rices relate to the amount of cadmium, Lead and Arsenic at the level of one percent. The results showed that the maximum concentrations of cadmium, Lead and Arsenic were in 5, 2 and 2 rices (1.36, 58.5 and 146 µg. Kg-1, respectively) and also minimum concentrations of cadmium, Lead and Arsenic were in (9, 10), 8 and 10 (0.93, 15.8 and 0.95 µg. Kg-1, respectively). amount of cadmium and Lead in the all rice samples were lower than the limit standard of that were provided by the food and drug Administration and the amount of Arsenic in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were more than the limit standard that was provided by the food and drug Administration.

In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were synthesized using apple extract, and then the physical and chemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated using SEM, XRD, EDS, UV-Vis and FT-IR. The average size of ZnO nanoparticles using Debye-Scherrer equation was estimated at 10 nm. The nanoparticles synthesized by this method (using apple extract) exhibited antimicrobial properties against Candida albicans, which showed the diameter of the halo created by the specimen in this fungus was 26 mm. The XRD spectrum represents the formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles and is consistent with earlier reports. According to the SEM spectrum, zinc oxide is composed of uniform particles. According to the results of the EDS test, the presence of Zn in the synthesized nanoparticles has been confirmed using apple extract. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were synthesized using apple extract, the physical and chemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles were evaluated using SEM, XRD, EDS, UV-Vis and FT-IR evaluation methods. The average size of nanoparticles ZnO was estimated using a 10-nm DSS equation. The synthesized particles with this method (using apple extract) showed antimicrobial properties against Candida albicans, which showed that the diameter of the halo created by the sample The mushroom was spotted at 26 mm.

Nowadays demands for clean power source enhanced. Bio-fuel cell (BFC) can convert chemical energy to electrical energy. The enzyme-based biofuel cell (BFC) is a special fuel cell using enzyme as catalyst and can directly convert chemical energy to electrical energy. Bio-fuel cells are energy conversion devices based on bio-electrocatalysis leveraging on enzymes or microorganisms. Enzymatic fuel cells are promising low cost, compact and flexible energy resources. The basis of enzymatic fuel cells is transfer of electron from enzyme to the electrode surface and vice versa.. The DET of laccase enzyme has been studied using Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Nafion polymer. Laccase was entrapped by nafion polymer . As Nafion is a proton exchange polymer but not an electron conductive, the MWCNTs were also used to facilitate electron transfer of laccase. Cyclic voltammetric results showed a well-defined redox peaks at 170 µA in a solution containing 10 µM o-dianisidine as a substrate for MWCNTs/Nafion composite. The cyclic voltammetric results showed that laccase immobilization on MWCNTs/Nafion is efficient. Therefore, this method can be used to fabricate biocathode of biofuels cellor laccase based biosensors.

Enterococci are one of the most important factors in nosocomial infections. Enterococcus genus has 38 species, the most important of which are Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. Enterococci have a medical significance due to bacteremia, urinary tract infections, endocarditis, meningitis and wound infections.

280 specimens collected from medical diagnostic laboratories in Tehran were used. In order to isolate and identify the bacteria, blood agar culture medium and the specific medium of Kanamycin esculin azide agar were used and then the colonies of bacteria were identified by biochemical methods. The molecular confirmation of bacteria was also carried out by a specific molecular kit of enterococci. Finally, the presence of the cytolysin gene in isolates was measured by PCR method.

Of 280 samples examined, 50 samples (17.8%) were identified for Enterococcus faecalis species. Presence of cytolysin gene (cyt) in 34% of isolates was confirmed by PCR.

The results show that dissemination of enterococci containing pathogenic genes among patients with urinary tract infection can be dangerous for their health. These results show more attention to individual health.

Maternal nutrition plays a critical role in fetal growth and development. .Mothers practice fasting though they are excused from fasting during pregnancy. The aim of this study was comparison the low birth weight in fasting and non-fasting pregnant women.

Method:

The present research was cohort study. 84 pregnant women were put into 2 groups of second Trimester (21 fasting pregnant women and 21 non –fasting pregnant women) and third Trimester (21 fasting pregnant women and 21 non – fasting pregnant women) sampling was performed randomly ,gradually. Data was collected by questionnaires,examination ,and interview, and then they were analyzed by SPSS.

The statistical test showed that the difference in low birth weight between the infants of fasting and non-fasting women in the second trimester and third trimester of pregnancy was not statistically significant. fasting in the second and third trimester of pregnancy does not lead to low birth weight If pregnant women have adequate meal.