International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

Natural food preservation method refers to application of naturally produced antimicrobial compounds that are obtained from plants, animals and microbes to prevent food spoilages microorganism, proliferation and growth of food borne pathogens in food and foods products. Now it is the time of growing interest of many researchers with the application of these natural antimicrobial compounds as safe replace instead of using chemical and physical food preservatives since it has many sides effects and causes health risks to the consumers. Antimicrobial compounds derived from plants products are considered to be an excellent source of natural food preservatives. Among preservatives, essential oils of some herbs and plants were traditionally used for the preservation of wide variety of foods. Antimicrobial substances such as bacteriocin, proteins or peptides secretions, bioactive molecules from plant have also been exploited in different ways for food preservation. Herbs and spices have been recognized to possess a broad spectrum of active constituents that exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and/or antiviral activities. Especially essential oils have been used for centuries as part of natural traditional medicine, to preserve food and different food products among locally community. They are aromatic oily liquids obtained from plant material (flowers, buds, seeds, leaves, twigs, bark, herbs, wood, fruits and roots). Natural antimicrobials compounds can be used alone or in combination with other novel preservation technologies to facilitate the replacement of traditional approaches and to reduce stiffness of using chemical and physical food preservatives. Research priorities and future trends should focusing on the impact of product formulation, intrinsic product parameters, and extrinsic storage parameters on the design of efficient food preservation systems are also presented. Therefore, the main objective of this review paper is to discuss industrial application of traditional medicinal plants as natural food preservatives in enhancing food shelf life.

Keeping the water table at a favorable level is quite significant for a sustainable management of groundwater plans. Various management measures need to know the spatial and temporal behavior of groundwater. Therefore, the measurement of groundwater levels are generally carried out at spatially random locations in the field; whereas, most of the groundwater models requires these measurement at a pre-specified grid. Geostatistical techniques could produce an accurate map of groundwater level. Naishaboor plain with 4190 sq km was selected due to presence of over 48 observation wells, mostly with more than 20 years of record. A universal kriging and co-kriging - with level of surface as auxiliary variable - estimator has been used to model groundwater level for three kind of climate condition (wet, normal and dry) and three levels (maximum, average and minimum). The result showed the Gaussian model selected as the best variogram. Furthermore, the RMSE and MRE indicated that kriging method was more accurate than co-kriging in mapping the groundwater level; although, there was not distinct difference.

The experiment was conducted under in vitro and field conditions to observe the effect of bio-agents, botanical and fungicides against Alternaria triticina. Eight treatments were taken up with three replications and data collected was analyzed using CRD. Maximum inhibition per cent mycelia growth was observed in Propiconazole (89.72%), Hexaconazole (88.44%), Vitavax (87.70%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum (85.50%), Trichoderma viride (83.30%), Pseudomonas fluorescens (80.73%) and neem leaf extract (73.57%) as compared to control (0). An experiment was conducted under field condition to observe the effect of bio-agents, neem leaf extract and fungicides against Alternaria triticina. Eight treatments were taken up with three replications and data collected was analyzed using RBD. Maximum plant height (cm) was observed in T. viride (78.82cm) followed by T. harzianum (78.27cm) as compared to control (70.04cm). T. viride was significantly superior as compared to other treatments. Minimum disease intensity per cent and production of wheat was recorded in treatment Propiconazole@ 0.1% (18.24% and 37.00q/ha respectively) followed by Pseudomonas fluorescens@ 0.5% (20.51% and 30.44q/ha), as compared to control (43.18% and 20.41q/ha). Propiconazole was significantly superior as compared to other treatments.

There are many techniques have been used in the surgical treatment of prostatitis, prostatic abscesses and prostatic cysts. Partial or complete prostatectomy, marsupialization, or debridement and drainage have all been advocated; unfortunately all of these techniques are associated with complications such as incontinence, cyst or abscess recurrence, etc. More recently, prostatic omentalization has been described. In this procedure, after opening and draining any cystic cavities or abscesses within the prostate, a portion of the omentum is passed through the prostate by blunt dissection. This improves the vascular supply to the affected tissue and prevents re-formation of a closed cystic/abscess cavity. It is very effective in preventing recurrence of disease. In this paper, we will describe omentalization of the prostate.

Drought is one of the limiting factor in common bean, development of common bean varieties that adapted to drought situations is the main focus for improving food crops. In this study, 25 genotypes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown under drought stress and non-stress conditions. The field work was conducted at Melkassa Agricultural Research Center during the off-season that laid on a triple lattice design with three replications. A number of drought indicator characteristics were measured from germination to harvesting stages. The stressed genotypes showed a significant reduction in all quantitative characters such as chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, seeds per pod, pods per plant, 100-seed weight, pod harvest index and harvest index. Harvest index recorded the highest heritability (67.01) and the highest genetic advance (22.57%) under stress condition, respectively. The study confirmed the existence of variation among common bean genotypes when subjected to drought stress and such variation could be utilized in the improvement of common bean genotypes under drought environmental conditions.

False aralia (Dizygothecaelegantissima) also known as spider aralia or threadleaf aralia, is grown for its attractive foliage. The long, narrow, dark green leaves with saw-tooth edges are coppery colored at first, but as they mature they turn dark green, appearing almost black on some plants. Field trials with False aralia (Dizigotheecaelegantissima) were conducted at the experimental greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Azad University Jiroft in growth seasons of 2013. The aim of this work was to study the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA3) and benzyladenine (BA) both at 0, 100 and 200mgL-1 on the growth and photosynthetic pigments of Dizygothecaelegantissima plant. Effect of GA3and interaction significant (p<0.01) also effect BA on leaf area was non significant. Results showed that, 200 mg L-1 GA3+ 200 mg L-1 BA increased leaf area of False aralia as 43.87% compared to control treatment. 200 mg L-1 GA3 + 200 mg L-1 BA increased chlorophyll index, plant height and leaf area of False aralia as 61.62, 24.48 and 43.87% compared to control treatment. Also 200 mg L-1 BA cause increased chl. (b), total chl. a+b and sum pigments of False aralia as 15.65, 38.03 and 36.91% compared to control treatment.

Leishmaniasis is a protozoan zoonotic disease that is seen in Cutaneous, subcutaneous and visceral forms. The disease is transmissible via sand flies between humans and many animals, including rodents and dogs. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sabzevar over four years. Information on all patients from the Sabzevar Health Center who had been treated with a diagnosis of Cutaneous leishmaniasis was investigated during the years 2013 to 2016. There were 738 patients with Cutaneous leishmaniasis between 2013 and 2016. There were 54 in 2013, of which 21 (38%) were men and 33 (61%) were women. In 2014, there were 111, 80 (72%) of whom were men and 31 (27%) of whom were women. In 2015, there were 75, 58 (61%) of whom were men and 17 (18%) of whom were women. In 2016, the number of patients increased to 543, 447 (82%) of whom were men and 96 (17%) of whom were women. Five hundred and eighty-eight (9%) of these patients were from rural areas and 195 (24%) were from urban areas. Most of the lesions (60%) were found on the hands and the lowest number (3.57%) were on the trunk. The highest numbers of infections were observed in summer and the lowest numbers were observed in winter. According to the results, the incidence of the disease increased compared to previous years, so reducing the adverse effects are necessary.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are communication systems, which enable users to send commands to computers by using brain activity only; this activity being generally measured by Electroencephalography (EEG). BCIs are generally designed according to a pattern recognition approach, i.e., by extracting features from EEG signals, and by using a classifier to identify the user’s mental state from such features. In this study, we have considered the BCI Competition data sets 2b-2008; additionally, Multi-Taper Common Spatial Pattern (MTCSP) feature extraction method is used for extracting the features of right and left hand data, Logistic Regression (Logreg) classifier is chosen to classify the data sets. In this paper, TPR, FPR, ACC and k function are used as evaluation criteria. The comparison of the results with the results of the BCI competition 2008 has proved the effectiveness, high accuracy and resolution of the proposed method. The results have shown that MTCSP method provides even higher classification accuracy. It points out that utilizing suitable preprocessing to keep the EEG signal free of redundant information is for sure a very important in the BCI development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between responsibility and decision-making features among female volleyball coaches in Kerman. The research was correlational. The statistical society of this study included all coaches of volleyball women in Kerman in 2014 including 400 people. According to the Morgan table, 196 people were selected by sampling method. In this research, two standard questionnaires including the Gaff Responsibility Questionnaire (1951) with a validity of 0.86 and reliability of 0.896 and Scott and Bruce (1995) questionnaire with a validity of 0.84 and reliability of 7760 had been used. To analyze the data according to the measurement scales, objectives and research questions, descriptive statistics such as frequency, frequency percent, and column charts were used. To test the hypothesis of the research, the inferential statistics of k-s test were used to normalize the data and Pearson correlation coefficient used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of the research showed that 8.2% responsibility of female volleyball coaches were low, 14.8% average, 74.5% high and 6.2%, very high. The dominant decision making style was 37.2% rational, 27% intuitive, 13.8% dependent, 11.7% instantaneous and 10.2% avoidant. Other results of the study showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between responsibility and decision making features of female volleyball coaches in Kerman. There was also a direct and meaningful relationship between responsibility and the rational decision of female volleyball coaches in Kerman. There was a reverse and significant relationship between responsibility and dependent, spontaneous and avoidant decision-making of female volleyball coaches in Kerman. However, there was no meaningful relationship between responsibilities with the intuitive decision making of female volleyball coaches in Kerman.