Report of Health Care
Volume:3 Issue: 1, Winter 2017

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recently very common; however, there is no definitive treatment for it. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplement on liver enzymes in men with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. Forty-eight men with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (mean age: 38.24 ± 6.59 years and BMI: 29.27 ± 4.43 kg.m-2) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups including resistance training (RT), resistance training with curcumin supplement (RTCS), curcumin supplement (CS) and placebo (P). Before and after the protocol blood samples were taken to investigate the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired sample t- test and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). The results indicated significant difference between groups in ALT (p=0.0001) and AST (p=0.0001) levels following 12 weeks of exercise and supplement interventions. Post-hoc multiple comparison of ALT and AST was significant between RT and RTCS groups with CS and P groups (p=0.0001). ALP levels was not significantly different between groups (p=0.05). It seems that nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplement improves the liver enzymes in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neuropsychiatric disorder of the brain with a deadly outcome and unknown etiology in which the concentration and function of some brain transmitters, particularly acetylcholine, reduce in AD in the cerebral cortex, e.g., the hippocampus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aquatic extract of Centella asiatica (CeA) leaf on hematological parameters in NBM (Nucleus Basalis of Mynert)- lesioned rats induced by Ibotenic acid (IA). Thirty-two male Wistar rats (20- 24 months old; weighing 330±30 g) were selected and randomly divided into four equal groups (n=12) including 1. Control group (which were intact rats), 2. L group (NBM- lesioned rats), 3. CeA group and 4. L+CeA group. NBM was bilaterally lesioned. Seven days after stereotaxic surgery, the total number of white blood cells (WBCs), the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin level (Hb), and hematocrit level (Hct) were assessed. For statistical analysis of data Mann Whitney U- test (p≤0.05) was used. IA treatment induced a significant decrease of WBCs, followed by significant decrease in RBCs, Hb and Hct compared with control group (p≤0.05). Also, the lesion of the NBM after oral administration of Centella asiatica extract had no effect on the above blood parameters and even all of the parameters in two groups of CeA and CeA+L compared with the control group showed a non-significant increase (p≥0.05). It appears that some blood parameters decrease in rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Also, this research shows the important role of the cholinergic neurons of central nervous system in the regulation of erythropoiesis, also Centella asiatica extract can stimulate hematopoiesis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two types of concurrent training on Vo2max, maximal strength and body fat percentage in young men. 39 healthy young men were randomly divided into three equal number groups (13 subjects/group) including; endurance-resistance concurrent training (ERCT), resistance-endurance concurrent training (RECT) and control (CON). The subjects of ERCT and RECT groups performed endurance and resistance training with the same intensity and duration three times a week for eight weeks. The endurance training program included aerobic training on treadmill from 55 % of maximum heart rate (HRmax) and 25min in the first two weeks to 85% HRmax and 45 minutes in the last two weeks. The resistance training program included free weight training with 50% of 1-RM in first two week to 80% in last two week. The time of training in endurance component was the same as the resistance component of concurrent training. CON group did not participate in any exercise training and did daily routine activities. Estimated VO2max and upper and lower extremities maximal strength and body fat percentage was measured before and 72h after the last training session. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures test was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was set at 0.05 in all statistical analysis. The study results showed a significant increase in VO2max, body fat percentage, lower and upper extremities maximal strength in both ERCT and RECT groups when compared to baseline values (p≤0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the ERCT and RECT groups in any of variables (P≤0.05). According to the results of this study, endurance training before resistance or vice versa during concurrent training did not have significant effect on aerobic power, maximal strength and body fat percentage of untrained healthy men.

The particular circumstances of a prisoner lead to physical and psychological disorders. These disorders may have a negative effect on general health and sleep quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of exercise activities on the sleep quality and the general health of prisoners.

97 people from all Jahrom County prisoners were randomly selected and divided into active (n=44) (Mean ± SD; aged: 33.7 ± 7.78yrs., height: 168.18 ± 9.50cm, weight: 76.18 ± 13.75kg) and inactive (n=53) (Mean ± SD; aged: 38.11 ± 9.49yrs., height: 169.19 ± 3.43cm., weight: 75.16 ± 7.62kg) groups. Data were collected from general health questionnaire 28 (GH28) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis was done by U Mann Whitney test using SPSS 18 software (p≤0.05).

The results showed that, except for subjective sleep quality (p = 0.66) and daytime dysfunction (p= 0.22), there was a significant difference between the two groups in all aspects of sleep (p ≤0.05). Also, there was a significant difference in overall general health (p= 0.002), somatic symptoms (p= 0.003), anxiety (p= 0.006) and severe depression (p= 0.001) between two active and inactive groups.

According to the results of the research, it seems that both prisoners and prison managers need to pay more attention to exercise activities and its beneficial effects and provide grounds for doing it.

Apoptosis plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (AT) with Vitamin D (VD) on extrinsic pathway of apoptosis and anti- apoptotic indices of heart tissue of rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by H2O2.

In this experimental study, 60 rats were selected and randomly placed into 10 groups of six, including 1) 1 mmol / kg H2O2, 2) 2 mmol / kg H2O2, 3) VD + 1 mmol / kg H2O2, 4) AT + 1 mmol / kg H2O2, 5) AT + VD + 1 mmol / kg H2O2, 6) VD + 2 mmol / kg H2O2, 7) AT + 2 mmol / kg H2O2, 8) AT + VD + 2 mmol / kg H2O2, 9) sham and 10) control. During eight weeks, the rats in groups 1-9 were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 at specific doses three times a week; the rats in groups 4, 5, 7 and 8 performed aerobic trainings, and the rats in groups 3, 5, 6 and 8 received 0.5 μg / kg of vitamin D3 intraperitoneally daily. Protein concentrations of Caspase 8, Fas and FLIP were measured in rat heart tissue. For analysis of the research findings, Kolmogorov- Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA along with Bonferroni post hoc tests were used (p≤0.05).

H2O2 has a significant effect on the increase of Caspase 8, Fas and FLIP in the heart tissue of rats (p≤0.05); eight weeks of aerobic training and Vitamin D intake has a significant effect on decreasing the concentration of Caspase 8, Fas and increase of FLIP in the heart tissue of rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by 1 and 2 m/mol/kg H2O2 (p ≤0.05); aerobic training and Vitamin D intake has significant interactions in the reduction of Caspase 8, Fas in the heart tissue of rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by 1 and 2 m/mol/kg H2O2 (p≤0.05), however, it does not have interactive effect on the increased FLIP of the heart tissue of rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by 1 and 2 m/mol/kg H2O2 (p≥0.05).

It seems that performing aerobic training activities and simultaneous consumption of vitamin D supplement has interactive effects on reducing some of the extrinsic pathway indices of apoptosis in the heart tissue of H2O2-rats exposed to oxidative damage induced by H2O2.

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) carried along with hormonal– metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and ovulation dysregulation. Several studies have shown the role of Gallic acid (GA) as a potent antioxidant in oxidative stress induced disorders. Considering the antioxidant properties of GA, we investigate the effect of GA on the serum level of pituitary-ovary axis hormones and activity of ovary tissue antioxidant enzymes of PCOS model was studied.

32 Wistar female rats were divided into four groups: Control, PCOS+Saline, PCOS+GA50, PCOS+GA100. PCOS was induced by single muscular injection of Estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg/BW).Then, GA was prescribed with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg for 21 days, orally. At the end of treatment period, serum levels of LH, FSH, Estradiol, testosterone and progesterone as well as the tissue level of dismutase superoxide enzymes (SOD), catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the ovaries were measured by ELISA technique. Differences between data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and the p ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Levels of LH, Estradiol and testosterone as well the MDA in treatment group with GA were increased significantly compared to the PCOS group (p ˂ 0.05), while the serum level of FSH and progesterone and tissue level of SOD and CAT enzymes were increased significantly in GA-treated groups than the PCOS group (p ˂ 0.05).

GA modifies the level of sex hormones in PCOS model by increase of antioxidant enzymes activity.

Nowadays, obesity is one of the major health problems in the world which is associated with lipid disorders and inflammatory profile. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of three months of aerobic training on serum levels of adiponectin and resistin in obese men. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 middle-aged obese men who previously had an inactive lifestyle were selected through convenient sampling in Larestan and were then randomly assigned to one experimental group (performing aerobic training three sessions per week for three month) and one control group (with no training). Fasting levels of serum adiponectin and resistin were measured in both groups before and 48 hours after the last training session. Independent samples t-test and paired samples t-test were used to determine the intra- and inter-group changes. The level of significance was set at (p≤0.05). The results revealed that three months of aerobic training led to a significant decrease in participants’ body fat percentage, body mass index, and weight (p <0.05). Furthermore, though there were no significant changes in the resistin levels (p = 0.34), serum levels of adiponectin (p = 0.04) were significantly increased after aerobic training. It is expected that a 3-month aerobic training with an intensity of 60-80% maximum heart rate could increase the serum levels of adiponectin in the middle-aged men due to improved homeostasis and fat metabolism.

The use of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplements is important in improving the function of obese people. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with apple vinegar on resistin and glycemic indices of obese women. 60 women (mean ± SD: age 23.8 ± 4.81 years, weight 89.04 ± 4.68 and body mass index 34.39 ± 4.31 kg / m2) were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to four groups of 15: 1-resistance training, 2- resistance training and apple vinegar, 3-apple vinegar and 4-control Groups 1 and 2 performed 8 weeks of resistance training, 3 sessions per week and 60 minutes each session with 80% intensity of 1RM. During this period, groups 2 and 3 consumed 500 mg of apple vinegar per day and the control group did not receive any interventions. Blood samples were taken before and after the study period. To analyze the findings, paired sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used (p≤0.05). Resistance training, apple vinegar consumption, and resistance training with apple vinegar had a significant effect on decreasing resistin, insulin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance in obese women (p≤0.05). Resistance training with apple vinegar compared with resistance training and apple vinegar consumption had a greater effect on decreasing resistin, insulin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance in obese women (p≤0.05). It seems that apple vinegar supplementation and resistance training are likely to be a suitable method for reducing resistine and glycemic indexes and preventing metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases in obese women.