نشریه سیاست های راهبردی و کلان
پیاپی 29 (بهار 1399)

The purpose of this study was to present a model of commercialization of knowledge based products with an emphasis on resistance policies in knowledge based companies based in northern growth centers (Golestan and Mazandaran). The research, in terms of purpose, applied and in terms of research method, The mixing type is the statistical society of the research in the qualitative section including academic experts and relevant managers and experts in knowledge based compan. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made interview and interview. For data analysis, the coding method was used in the qualitative section and in the quantitative part, a confirmatory factor analysis was used. Designed with 7 indicators in commercialization and 5 indicators in resistance economy. Data were gathered using a questionnaire designed with 87 items ) and analyzed by SPSS and PLS software. According to the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the indicators are: 1. individual, 2. managerial and organizational 3. cultural-cultural 4. rules and approvals 5. financial and economic 6. marketing and sales ability and 7. Technological capabilities explaining commercialization components and indicators 1. Management and Economics 2. International Indicators 3. National Production 4. Strategic Indicators and 5. The pattern of consumption patterns as indicators and indicators of resistance economy was identified and ranked and ranked based on the Matrix-Performance-Performance Analysis (IPMA) matrix in the model. Also, with regard to the confirmation of path coefficient, t statistic and p-value, resistance indexes on commercialization have a significant and direct effect.

In addition to the positive effect of oil on resource-rich countries economy, there is oil negative effect in these countries, also. The oil production and extraction through environmental destruction can increase pollution and in this way, it will reduce the quality of people life. In this paper, the effect of oil revenues on environmental pollution in OPEC countries including Iran in the framework of the panel data model during the period 2000-2015 has been studied. The results of the estimation show that there is a significant and positive relationship between oil revenues and carbon dioxide emissions in OPEC countries. This finding indicates that revenues from oil exports in oil-exporting countries including Iran have not been accompanied by environmental improvements. However, general policies of the system in the ground of the country's production pattern reform emphasize moving from traditional production to green-based production. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the negative effect of oil on environmental quality through investment on economic infrastructure and appropriate technology by oil revenues. Also, according to estimation results, energy consumption generally has a significant effect on carbon dioxide emission, and the Kuznets curve environmental hypothesis is not approved in the studied countries.

The effect of economic sanctions on production and employment of industry in IranThe industry sector plays a key role in the diversification and abundance of manufactured products as well as job creation in the country's economic development and allows the growth and development of other sectors. In recent years, the share of industrial employment has decreased, and it seems that among the many factors that affect the level of employment in the industry, economic sanctions have more damaging effects on employment. This article seeks to investigate what economic sanctions have had on the employment of the Iranian industry. To obtain the answer, data from the Central Bank and the Statistical Center of Iran during the years 1355 to 1395 were used and analyzed using the system of simultaneous equations of 3SLS. The research findings indicate that economic sanctions on the channel of reducing industrial production have reduced the level of employment in the industry.

In the different periods of the history of penal developments in Iran, the legislator has always identified depenalization Measures. However, due to policy-making, programmatic and managerial measures in the past criminal justice system, new legislative Period (From 2013 onwards), can be called the expansion period of depenalization. The period that by decarceration and de-execution, It is hoped that Legislator will implement this policy. Nevertheless, it seems that unlike the superstructure level of the conscientious and expedient legislator's face, at the infrastructure level, in general and special statutes, some of incompatibilities with depenalization policy or uncertainty about new regulations has continued and even it can be claimed that it has increased in the new era. In this article, four of these incompatibilities and Increasing penalties include the new and frequent criminalizations, anonymity in choosing a standard fatwa for depenalizied legislation, supplementary punitiveness and Also, testing- regulating legislation has been criticized and evaluated and amendments are proposed.

The purpose of this paper is to identify an appropriate policy making framework in order to achieve the objectives of monetary and fiscal policies to stabilize the Iran economy. The behavior of monetary and fiscal policy makers was extracted by using the dynamic optimization method and game theory and objective functions definition and constrains facing policy makers under two policymaking approaches: discretion and commitment. Estimation of model parameters was done in 4 scenarios using Bayesian estimation method.Findings show that, committed monetary leadership led to an increase in economic stability. Output and inflation stabilization is more importance for committed policy makers than discretionary policy makers. While for a committed policy maker the inflation stabilization is more importance than output stabilization. For a discretionary policy maker, the output stabilization is more important than inflation stabilization. The results of research show that for committed central bank, the stabilization of public debt is more importance than for discretionary central bank. The fiscal policy in discretionary policy making approach have pro- cyclical behavior.

The domain (area) of Economic Resilience can be divided into two parts, internal and external, because in order to achieve a resilient and resistant economy, both the reform of the socio- diplomatic- economic structure, and the setting up appropriate relations with the outside world, are important. Therefore, globalization, competitiveness power and risk of a country are introduced as the most important factors which affect the economic resilience of societies in comparison with other countries of the world. In this (that) regard, in the present study, adaptive competitiveness (relying on the efficiency enhancer), risk and globalization on the economic resilience in selected countries of the region; the vision 1404 document and the G7 group during the period 2010-2015 has been studied. According to the results of the study, countries which have higher levels of globalization, with higher competitiveness and lower risk enhancer, benefit from better economic resilience, in other words, the relationship between resilience and efficiency enhancer (development) as the main element (pillar) of competitiveness, risk index and globalization has been evaluated to be positive.

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of corruption on the allocation of public expenditures to the defense sector in Iran during the period of 1984-2015. To achieve the above objective is used a general model of defense expenditures, corruption index, bond Co integration test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimator. Results of this study show that the long-term and short-term effects of corruption on the share of defense expenditure from total public expenditures is positive and significant and the spread of corruption leads to the transfer of public expenditures from the non-defense sector to the defense sector.The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of corruption on the allocation of public expenditures to the defense sector in Iran during the period of 1984-2015. To achieve the above objective is used a general model of defense expenditures, corruption index, bond Co integration test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) estimator. Results of this study show that the long-term and short-term effects of corruption on the share of defense expenditure from total public expenditures is positive and significant and the spread of corruption leads to the transfer of public expenditures from the non-defense sector to the defense sector.

The results of this exercise will show the increase in enrollment in higher education institutions, the creation of new scientific centers, the lack of space and technology equipment, the flood of documentaries, the drop in the quality of science and knowledge, the unemployment of graduates and the greater gap between the university, industry and society. Gave Also, the most important challenges of higher education, the loss of financial and human capital of the country due to the quality of outputs and the reluctance to attract these human resources at the community level, the lack of a comprehensive system of monitoring, evaluation and accreditation in the field of education , Lack of dynamism in the educational system to respond adequately to the needs of the society; underestimating the development of skills, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation in the educational system; the breakdown of university communications with research institutes and the periphery; lack of orientation Related issues with land management in higher education development programs, graduated unemployed, quantitative There is a lack of the necessary quality of university education. Needed analysis of the existing situation and initial orientations in the design, review and review of the education system at different levels to provide skill and manpower efficiency based on the line of selective development in the country's perspective and emphasis on the scientific and research system And prioritizing it is a necessity. To address the challenges of advanced education development.