Journal of Motor Control and Learning
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

In this study, the personality characteristics of neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to new experiences, consensus, and task of male and female athletes were compared in a team and individual sports.

160 athletes (13 athletes dropped out) were selected from professional athletes in two disciplines (75 men: 39 men and 36 women) and group (72 men: 41 men and 31 women) in Kerman province. The athletes were asked to complete the NEO-FFI questionnaire for 60 questions. For data analysis, descriptive statistics including mean and standard deviations ... and inferential statistics: independent t-test were used.

The findings of the study showed that the athleteschr('39') score in group sports in agreement, extraversion and task is significantly higher than individual sports. Individual athletes had a high risk of neuroticism, and athletes had a lower score than men in all of the components except for neuroticism.

It can be concluded that the personality characteristics of male and female athletes and team and individual athletes are different. It is hoped that this research will be conducted at different ages, communities, and disciplines, and the results will be reported.

This paper attempts to investigate the relationship between psychological well-being with creativity and performance of male coaches of Iran’s football league.

This descriptive type study is carried out through field study. The statistical population includes all 925 coaches present in Iran’s football league in 1394. 200 coaches were selected as sample of the study by Morgan sampling table. The sampling was conducted through random sampling method. 3 questionnaires of Ryff psychological well-being (1980), Torrence creativity (1974), and performance researcher-prepared questionnaire were used for gathering the required data.

For data analysis, Kolmogorov Smirnov (K-S) Tests were used for data distribution test, one-sample T-test for comparing mean variables and hypothetical means of the intended society, Pearson correlation for investigating the relationship between variables and their related components. All statistical works were carried out with SPSS, version 22. Results suggest that all psychological well-being variable and its components except for purposeful life, creativity variable, and its components, and performance variable of male coaches of Iran’s football league are significantly in a proper condition.

Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between psychological well-being and all of its components with creativity and all of its components, between psychological well-being and all of its components with the performance, and between creativity and all of its components with performance.

Social comparison feedback and activity of mirror neurons are both associated with stimulating an individualchr('39')s emotions, and as each of them suggests a different type of stimulation of emotion to improve performance.

The research aimed to investigate the effect of comparative-social video feedback on the activity of mirror neurons in the brain.

There were randomly selected 18 non-athlete females from Al-Zahra University and they were randomly classified in positive, negative and real groups. On the first day, there was taught how to pay pat golf and a 6-stroke impact test (pretest); the second day consisted of 60 beats with five minutes break between the attempts and receiving video feedback tailored to the group after each attempt (acquisition session); and on the third day, there were performed six attempts (retention test). Using EEG sensors, there was the recorded activity of brain mirror neurons in three conditions: basic, execution and observation. There was also recorded data of accuracy of kicks.

The results of combined variance analysis did not show the effect of social comparison feedback on learning accuracy; however, in registering brain activity, there was a significant difference between the activity of mirror neurons in execution and observation conditions. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the amount of electrical activity in the brain during execution and observation.

This feedback seems to have little effect on the activity of mirror neurons.

The most important part of the ability of an athlete is balancing, a function that involves different muscular nervous processes. When creating unexpected disturbances, muscle strength is one of the most important factors in maintaining a personchr('39')s balance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between type II muscle fibers and reactive balance in athlete and non-athlete males.

A total of 171 volunteers were selected from the statistical population which included all male students of Kharazmi University. After eliminating non-qualified individuals, four groups of 30 were equally purposeful in terms of the level of performance and the type II of muscle fiber (ie, athlete / high percentage, athlete / low percentage, non-athlete / high percentage and non-athlete / low percentage) were analyzed as statistical samples.The type of muscle fiber was evaluated indirectly by using the Torstenson test on the Isokinetic Biodex dynamometer. Also, the balance response of the subjects was assessed with a computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) using the motor control test. Pearson correlation was used to determine the correlation between the type of muscle fiber and balance recovery time delay. A multivariate analysis of variance analysis with Bonferronichr('39')s post hoc test was used to compare the mean delay time between athletes and non-athletes with high and low percentages of type II muscle fiber.

The results showed a significant correlation between the high percentage of type II muscle intramuscular and reactive equilibrium in athletes and non-athletes with the high percentage of type II muscle in the anterior axis (P = 0.005, P = 0.002) and posterior (P = 0.002 and P = 0.037) respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between the low percentage of type II muscle and reactive balance in both groups with a low percentage of type II muscle fiber (p≥0.05). In addition, there was a difference between athletes and non-athletes with high and low percentage of type II muscle fiber in response to anterior and posterior axial disturbances (P = 0.000).

The results of this study showed that there is a relatively high correlation between the type of muscle in knee extensors and reactive balance in disturbances of both posterior and anterior axis. In particular, a better understanding of the relationship between the type of muscle and reactive balance is the basis for identifying and identifying individual risks, as well as identifying strategies to reduce the rate of decline of muscle with type II fiber.

All of the amazing advances in the present world, are the result of human learning. Durability and survival of human being in the world are possible by creating and discovering new ways of teaching and learning.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the transitional effect of fatigue due to a period of physical and mental activity on the level of learning a motor skill.

Participants in this research were all of the students of non-profit female school; among them, 36 students, aged between 15-18years, were selected in simple random and divided into 3 groups of 12 individuals including a mental activity, a physical activity, and a control group. The present study was semi-experimental and of repeated measurement type and included three experimental groups. The exercise protocol was considered for 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week and for each session, 5 close and 20 attempts were considered. AAHPERD standard test was used in acquisition, retention and transfer tests. The statistical method of variance analysis with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

the results showed that the physical activity group had a significant difference compared to the control group, while the mental activity group didnchr('39')t show a significant difference. There is also a significant difference between physical activity and mental activity in motor skill variable.

The overall conclusion that can be drawn is that learning the motor skill is not equal in all people and it could be affected by all negative factors affecting learning.