مجله علوم سیاسی
پیاپی 33 (زمستان 1394)

Four years after the 1921 coup, Reza Shah initiated many changes in Iran's foreign relations to prevent great powers intervention. It should be noted that during the Qajar era, Iran was under the political influence, military actions and economic exploitation of Britain and Russia (replaced by Soviet Union). In his campaign against foreign interventions, Reza Shah introduced many social, economic, and political reforms during his reign, ultimately laying the foundation of the modern Iranian state. In spite of modernization and development policies undertaken by Reza Shah, equations of Iran’s foreign relations were mounted on the competitive basis between Britain and Soviet. In other words, as the Qajar era, Iran’ foreign relations during Reza Shah, was restored to counterbalance British and Soviet influence.

The glourios Islamic revolution in Iran is a great change throughout the history of Iran and it has brought with itself enormous achievements which are not comparable with the past era. Although there are some improvements regarding political development in comparation with the past era, but these improvement are far from the ideal situation of an Islamic system. Influence of political culture on political development?A culture approach is used to answer this question .Thus a hypothesis has been tested which counts political culture as the major factor in prevention of realization of political development. For this purpose and regarding different study approaches, the most improvement elements of political culture are extracted. Based on these elements it is shown that the former cultural situation continues to its existence and this culture has a wide gap with civil culture which is the best culture for a democratic system. Therefore political culture of Iran has not provided a ground for political development and is a major obstacle in this regard. A comprtion between political culture and authority pattern, participation pattern, party formation and interaction with foreigners proves this argument. Therefore development in Iran needs cultural preparation.

Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two regional and influential powers in the Middle East and Persian Gulf region have always had a tensional and confrontational rivalry towards each other, to the point that we can say that the competition and the divergence constitute a part of their bilateral relations. The ambition of both countries for the leadership of chia world or Sunni world, the huge oil resources and the considerable human sources are considered as their assets which have given them the potentiality to play an active role in the Middle East as well as in the Muslim World. As the activities of these two actors is considered generally as conflictual and computational, we can say that based on the constructivist theory, the absence of common values, norms, rules, identity and perceptions represent the main factors of their rivalry and the non-establishment of a solid relationship between two countries.

European Union (EU) is one of the most important and coherent state-based  unions in both political and economic dimensions, that has taken great strides in further convergence and coordination and also in expanding its sphere of influence; Although it brought in a new concept of collaboration and  convergence, between states, to the literature of international relations.  For understanding its position in the global system, more attention is needed actually. In this paper two main objectives shall be followed. First, what has been the impact of disagreements among members of the European Union, on its current position in the world system? And second is studying what would be the impacts of continuation of disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union on its position, which has been imagined in a multipolar system, and also on its strategic future? A temporary response to above questions would be: The disagreements and opposing views among the members of European Union in different internal and international issues, has faced EU to a lack of functional identity, and so, its strategic role and position in the future world is in doubt and it will just remain as an economical power.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1357 was a source of great developments in the region and the world; this event had a significant impact on the awakening of the Muslim world and the revival of religious beliefs. Among the groups that were formed directly influenced by the Islamic Revolution, jihad in Palestine, One of the gains of the revolution in the region and the world, exporting the Islamic Revolution in which, Islamic Republic of Iran within the framework of the invitation, revolution put on the agenda of foreign policy And even revolution as a principle and objective in foreign policy accordingly after victory Different patterns on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran's Islamic Revolution, which views Relating to the export of revolution, and revolution according to the patterns, rate and type Supporting Islamic movements were different, after the Islamic Revolution in different patterns on Iran's foreign policy was dominated by different views about the revolution Respectively, and with respect to the revolution patterns, the amount and type of support from various Islamic movements The Palestinian jihadi groups is one of the Islamic groups in different discourse The Islamic Republic has been influenced by the Islamic Revolution. In this paper, the authors sought are using descriptive and analytical methods in the process of issuing the Islamic Revolution discourse Religious democracy and justice examined and the amount and type of affected groups Islamic discourse is analyzed.

Understanding development trends in countries that have succeeded in achieving this important Theoretical and Applied great value for policy makers and elites in developing countries. Among the successful countries in achieving development, no doubt China has been a success on the road to development. The first and most important factor in the success of the country, there is a developmental state. The government, through the elite development-oriented, efficient bureaucracy and its nationalist nationalism, was able to design and implement appropriate policies and rational, Policies that were designed with the purpose of development and industrialization. The success of the pro-development efforts developmental state and administrative system. The aim of this paper is to examine the developmental state of China's development goals that are politically oriented Showed that the function of the driving force behind the development of this country songs and strategies pursued within state structures.

There are various forms of social research with different approaches that distinguish them using the four aspects of ontology, epistemology, methodology and method. In examining the political culture, this article have tried anthropology (with quality process) and modernization studies (with quantity process) approaches are presented and compared with those four aspects to be aware of the depth difference between the two approaches in study of political culture.The main questions of article are how affecting four aspects: ontological, epistemological, methodological and methods in a research? How affecting those four aspects in examining of political culture? The main hypothesis is that any researcher attitude towards the nature of social phenomena (ontology) affecting the kind of knowledge (epistemology) researcher and then the two aspects affect the kinds of methodologies and finally, in relation to the three aspects, the researcher selects the type of collected data (method). The purpose of this article introduces the two types accommodating and puting on a special channel in these four aspects in the study of political culture.