نشریه مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی
پیاپی 41 (پاییز 1399)

Renovation of worn-out tissues is a necessity for which there is numerous legal and national support at the national and macro levels. According to the annual law, 10% of these tissues must be renovated, and in order to achieve this goal, a role and task will be assigned to all government and public bodies in the form of a regeneration headquarters defined at the national to city levels. In addition to the capacity of the Reconstruction Headquarters, several laws have also stated the need to renovate worn-out structures and have devised instructions and solutions for it, including the Law on Urban Renovation and Development, the Law on Organizing and Supporting the Production and Supply of Housing, and the Law. He noted the support for the rehabilitation, improvement and renovation of worn-out and dysfunctional urban structures. Examining these laws shows that all aspects of worn-out tissue renovation are addressed at the policy level. But the ambiguous point is that despite these rules and the goals that have been set, why the path to goals is slow and in some cases impossible and the field of implementation is facing something different from the field of policy. For this purpose, by examining the laws, domestic and foreign experiences and literature, an attempt has been made to obtain a framework to determine the key measures of the success of modernization projects in the field of implementation. Data analysis has been done by SWOT method and solutions have been presented by strategic planning method. The results obtained from the analysis and interviews completed in this report show a functional difference and goal setting between the actors in the field of modernization and a kind of imbalance in the distribution of resources, roles, inter-agency relations and legally defined expectations and tasks. There is a field of modernization for the actors. Some of the solutions presented in this plan can be defined as the legal position in the Deputy of Planning and Development of Municipalities for offices, defining the legal position in the Deputy of Planning and Development of Municipalities for offices and activating the renovation house The following is the framework of Sarai Mahallat for purposeful activities in the field of tissue modernization.

Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of the Iranian Garden, these gardens have been relatively less studied and recognized. Khan garden in Shushtar, adjacent to the historic water canal of Gargar, is a remarkable example of such types of Iranian gardening since its unique context contains considerable features of gardening that are very unusual among other types of Iranian gardens. Accordingly, this research will try to study and recognize constructive components and elements of Khan garden through a qualitative approach and using the descriptive-analytical research method. In order to recognize and document information related to Khan garden like natural, historical and morphological data, the research applies the cataloguing technique. The required data are primarily collected through biblio sources such as historical accounts, archival documents, maps, aerial images. Also, field survey and oral interviews in the process of data collecting are employed. Based on research findings, the Khan garden should be perceived as a river garden and structurally could be classified as a uni-axial garden. However, since the specific context of the garden’s position, that axe has been placed on an indirect extension that affects constructive systems of the garden and provides an irregular and organic structure for that. Furthermore, according to other findings, agricultural activities, cultural influences of Qajar time, and surrounding characteristics have been the most significant factors in shaping the structural pattern of the Khan garden.

The area of the revival plan of Imam Ali Square (AS) is located in the heart of the historical texture of Isfahan. This square disappeared and was occupied by other uses over time. In 1387 Isfahan Municipality tried to revive it according to a plan. There are objections and criticisms to the preparation and implementation of the revive project of Imam Ali (AS) Square in Isfahan. In fact the correctness and incorrectness of which have not been seriously examined so far. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which the Imam Ali Square revival plan objectives have been achieved. The type of research is based on the applied purpose and in terms of nature, it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this study is urban experts. The sampling method is snowball and the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire made this year. Chi-square tests, confirmatory factor analysis and interaction analysis were used in data analysis. According to the studies, the goals of Imam Ali (AS) Square project have been achieved with a relatively average. Among these, physical-residential goals with an average of 3.42 have the highest feasibility and biological goals with an average of 3.28; Economic goals with an average of 3.24; Socio-cultural goals with an average of 3.15 were in the next categories. The results of the overlap models used showed that seven key objectives of the plan have been realized during the revitalization of Imam Ali Square. These objectives are include: increasing the satisfaction of residents and businesses, increasing the satisfaction of unemployed and nonresident, increasing people’s sense of belonging to the project, creating prosperity and improvement in tourism activities, increasing the liveliness and continuity of historical centers, reducing the desire to migrate and increasing the historical and cultural identity during the implementation of the project.

Today, participation in social affairs is one of the main principles of sustainable development. In the field of urban management, empowering citizens and influencing them in urban affairs is the core of the participatory approach. So that in the regeneration of worn tissues during the last three decades, this approach has been mentioned as the key to problem solving and effective implementation of renovation programs. But experience shows that what has been considered as participation in urban management in Iran is more about financing and instrumental use of participation. In this article, an attempt has been made to study the experience of renovation in three neighborhoods of Sirus, Javadieh and Haftchenar, Tehran, which has been implemented with the approach of physical-spatial planning and participatory planning, while enumerating barriers to participation, to provide a model for future projects. The research method of this study is qualitative and the interview technique has been used. The sample size is 30 renovation managers and experts who have worked in these or similar projects. The results indicate that the barriers can be classified into two categories of structural and factor factors. Thus, structural factors at the macro level, including organizational structures, and at the micro level, including legal factors (laws and regulations) and agency at the two micro levels, ie individual factors and macro level, ie the organizational dimension, create obstacles to citizen participation. Therefore, in order to attract people’s participation, these structural and factor factors must be coordinated with each other and a positive and two-way interaction must be established between them.

Today, the old texture of Kashan as one of the urban areas, despite having concealed potentials and capacities for future urban development, holds an ample of problems including lack of urban services, inability of tissues residents, spread of social harms, low level of health, insecurity, safety crisis and low resilience to calamities (physical instability). Therefore, to resolve these problems, traditional policies and approaches intervention in urban dysfunctional and worn tissues such as urban redevelopment and renovation cannot be accountable and there is a need to apply state-of-the-art patterns and approaches to place-based intervention in urban dysfunctional and worn tissues neighborhoods under the title of sustainable urban regeneration. This study intends to investigate the different dimensions of erosion and the challenges ahead in the old texture of Kashan to explain the context of sustainability realization in all dimensions of the texture with the approach of integrated urban regeneration based on analytical application. The research is categorized in practical sort in terms of purpose and analytical-explanatory in terms of using theoretical documents related to the research topic. The results show that integrated regeneration strategies in different dimensions of sustainability can be an appropriate model for resolving the problem of various types of exhaustion and the formation of a stable and intellectual spatial form in the old texture of Kashan.

Identity, culture and related elements are not only conceptual components of urban space but also necessary to create urban space. Accordingly, the city and the public spaces express their thoughts, ideas and the cultural interactions and its form declares their functions and meanings. Urban spaces have provided the basis for people’s participation and interaction and have established a flow of culture, notion, and human experiences so that the presence of human beings in urban spaces leads to dynamism in urban spaces. Squares play a vital role in citizens’ minds and on the other hand, it is a field for the presence of people and their activities, which requires physical and functional continuity in the best way for the appearance of this meaning. The present study aims to apply the descriptive-analytical method using the SWOT matrix and the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM), tries to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and offers practical strategies to deal with weaknesses and threats by using the strengths and opportunities. The main concentration of the present study is on the physical-visual system using operational strategies following the defined strategies to organize the physical and visual system of the historical square of Vijoyeh, Tabriz, which currently lacks its historical and cultural identity. The aim is to restore life to the vital arteries of the historical context along with reviving the original identity of this field, and it is hoped that the presented practical results will be a way to revive similar historical contexts in order to take a step towards protecting the rich cultural of Iran and its historical identity.