پژوهش نامه روانشناسی اسلامی
سال چهارم شماره 8 (بهار و تابستان 1397)

The need for relationship is a universal need in humans, and is rooted in their inherent bond-seeking with their interpersonal world from birth. This need is the foundation of the formation of a set of relationships, including close relationships in their lives. Various views have been introduced to explain these relationships, of which the fairness approach is one of the oldest and most important ones. The purpose of this study is to investigate fairness in relationships from the viewpoints of psychology Islam and to compare these two views. The method of this study is "descriptive-analytical analysis". Based on Qur’anic verses and narrations, the Islamic perspective was presented about the structure, process, dimensions, model and fairness in relationship. Findings showed that there are differences between the two perspectives. The Islamic model is a model with the high levels of being fair to others and low levels of fairness-seeking for oneself, while this is reverse in the psychological model.

Spouses have their own roles and functions in the family, and especially in their marital relationships; they need suitable interaction pattern to increase their efficiency. Aiming to investigate behavioral and communication style of spouses in Islamic teachings, the content of Islamic text, especially the Nasr-al-dorar hadith, were analyzed qualitatively. Using the method for understanding the psychology of Islamic teachings and the technique of “broaden core text”, the triple model of communication for spouses (working together in authoritative management, good manners in supporting, and generosity in providing for men and caring, nurturing, and charming in kindness for women) has been formed. Spouses can, by using this model, improve the ability of their own specific performance and thus adjustment, satisfaction, and quality of marital life.

Over the past three decades, forgiveness has got attention of many Western researchers in psychological studies. Among the definitions of forgiveness, Enright's is the most cited. So far, no study aimed to get a psychological definition of forgiveness based on the Quranic verses. This study aimed to obtain a definition, provide a theoretical model, and psychological conceptualization of forgiveness based on Quranic verses and compare it with Enright’s definition of forgiveness. A qualitative approach was used, and the data collection method was based on the library research and thematic dictionary of the Holy Quran. After extracting the relevant verses, the hidden and inductive qualitative content analysis method was examined to determine the components related to forgiveness, and finally, from the six extracted components, the proposed definition was presented along with a theoretical model. Regarding the six extracted components, the obtained definition indicates that despite revenge is a protected right, forgiveness means to pardon the transgressor and needs to refrain from impulsive reactions, being patience in the face of injustice, having mercy and goodness, and asking for divine forgiveness for the wrongdoer. A comparative study of the two definitions is consistent with each other and the proposed theoretical model and definition could be explored and utilized in future research. Also, this study emphasizes the importance of paying more attention to Qur'an due to its enormous capacity for extracting psychological teachings.

Prison has very negative effect on prisoner's family and prisoners' spouses have low levels of self-esteem and resilience. One of the multifaceted treatments that consider various dimensions for treating people is monotheistic integrated therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of monotheistic integrated therapy on self-esteem and resilience of prisoners' wives. The statistical population of this study is prisoners' wives who have been referred to the Association for the Protection of Prisoners in the city of Meybod, between 2018 and 2019. The sample consists of 5 of these spouses. They were selected using purposeful sampling. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale were applied. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed that self-esteem and resilience of all five subjects improved after therapy compared to pre-treatment. The effectiveness of treatment in self-esteem, resilience and, resilience dimensions was significant in all 5 subjects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of training conjugal life based on religious-psychological teachings on marital conflicts of married woman in Qom province. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with with control group was used. The statistical population was married women living in the Shahid Rajai compound in Qom province. Twenty women who report lower marks in marital conflict Questionnaire were randomly selected and assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group, using the training package based on religious and psychological teachings, was trained while the control group received no treatment. Sanaee’s marital conflict questionnaire was applied. The result of covariance analysis showed that the difference between experimental and control group in marital conflict is significant. The findings showed training conjugal life based on religious–psychological teaching to married women is effective in reducing marital conflict.

The purpose of this study was to compare Cycle in personality factors, self-efficacy and promotional success by a causal-comparative method. The statistical population consisted of all graduates of Level 2 of Qom Seminary, of whom 130 persons were selected by available sampling method based on Kirk formula. In doing so, three questionnaires were used: Neo Five Factors Inventory-Short Form, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Successful Missioner Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by two-sample t-test and MANOVA. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the graduates of the two groups in terms of personality factors, self-efficacy, and promotional success. It seems that similar educational, cultural, learning, and spiritual environments and materials, and spirituality and religious commitments are among the causes of similarities between these students in abovementioned variables.