International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development
Volume:12 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

Nowadays, paying attention to the facade and facade design has considerable importance. The facade of the buildings and constructions is an essential part of the urban landscape, and thereupon it plays a significant role in urban quality. One of the crucial factors in forming urban landscapes is employing aesthetic measures as touchstones in the design process. This study aims to reach a set of aesthetic measures from the viewpoint of people in the same society according to the perceptual differences of citizens in the northern and southern regions of Tehran. There are several measures that, by relying on them, we can arrive at an ideal facade design from the viewpoint of people and the building users; designers can also help designers cooperate with the idea and viewpoints of people, their approval in their designs. The following research is done in an applied-analytic method, and gathering the data was done by library and field research and by designing questionnaires for the users. By scrutinizing and analyzing the data, it is concluded that the objective criteria are in priority for specifying the beauty in the residential facade.

Industrial heritage includes remnants of an industrial period with historical, technological, social, architectural, or scientific value and is therefore worthy of protection. The adaptability of industrial heritage is one of the conservation approaches that will lead to sustainability while preserving heritage and preserving social and cultural values. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive model in the field of industrial heritage adaptability with the perspective that covers as much as possible the components affecting adaptability and empowers stakeholders in this field to answer the questions. This research is of a mixed type, which is done in two qualitative and quantitative phases and two stages of model presentation due to comparative studies and model validation. The components of the proposed research model were identified through a comparative study of 5 successful examples in the field of industrial heritage adaptability to the landscape. In order to validate, the final model was presented to 180 experts, and the model's validity was confirmed using structural equations in the confirmatory factor analysis phase. The results showed that nine economic, historical, physical, social, cultural, infrastructural, technological, environmental, and policy factors affect the adaptability of industrial heritage to the landscape. This research presents an improved model that can be useful in adapting the industrial heritage to the landscape in the country.

Identifying and reviving lost spaces to reduce them is one of the duties of contemporary architects and urban planners; in the meantime, paying attention to the quality of revitalization and users' and beneficiaries' satisfaction is an issue that determines the success rate of this critical issue. The aim of this study was twofold. First, it has assessed the quality of revitalization of lost spaces using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Second, it has investigated Zanjan Match Factory's revitalization success rate, converted into a museum of industry and mining after renovation and reconstruction. The present article's conceptual model is based on the exploratory analytical research method based on Bradbent's theory and the introduction of his five principles as assessment parameters. Each component in the case study is considered, prioritized, and assessed by a survey of 15 participants in two groups of experts and users. Findings show that the criteria of human protection and economic productivity have a greater score in the proper revitalization of this heritage. In contrast, space proportions with a pattern of behavior have the lowest score (preferences). Furthermore, this space's revitalization shows revitalization's success is the proper coordination between revitalization experts and users of this space regarding fulfilling their desires and needs.

Today, given the rapid population growth, development of sciences, new changes in all aspects of human life, and ultimately, the occurrence of unfavorable conditions for the human environment, sustainable development has attracted considerable attention as one of the most critical and common issues at the international level. Among the strategies to achieve sustainable development, education is the most effective mechanism of society to deal with the century's biggest problem, i.e., sustainable development. According to the United Nations, education is needed to promote sustainable development and improve public awareness of environmental and developmental issues. Sustainable development using educational tools, in the first step, requires identifying the areas and factors that play a role in the development of sustainability education. This study aims to identify the effective factors for the development of sustainability education in Iranian architecture universities using the analytical-inferential strategy. The qualitative analysis of the documents revealed that the educational environment, educational system, and society were the most effective ones in the development of sustainability education of architecture students. Finally, solutions were presented to improve public awareness and reform the educational environment and system to develop sustainable education in Iranian architecture universities.

The vernacular architecture of cities with old civilizations like Hamadan, located in a cold and mountainous area, stems from centuries of optimizing material use, construction techniques, climate considerations, and the least use of fossil fuels to provide residents comfort. This region represents a specific type of dwelling that is a spectacular example of its climate conditions and compatible with its surrounding environment. This study aims to investigate the geometric conformation of Hamedan houses and elicit the proper suggestions to provide comfort conditions. To reach these goals, 15 houses located in the old districts of Hamadan belonging to three different historical eras were selected. Then, according to Mahoney's Table, Evan's index, Pen warden graph, and climate consultant software thermal comfort factors were assessed and calculated to compare elicited design strategies with typology. These attributes to architectural strategies for this region like southeastern orientation, medium-sized windows, thick outdoor and indoor walls, thick insulation with sufficient temporary heating equipment, the high heat capacity of materials, compact urban texture and planning, protection against intensive wind aimed to provide comfort conditions. Then these methods were compared whit three eras' houses to illustrate how much compatibility was there practically, which eventually reduced in each of them.

Properly investigating the potential of nature in the formation of architectural concepts needs a theoretical framework in which its analytical components can explain the methods of utilization of nature. Although some attempts have been made in this regard, considering the missing elements, there is still a significant gap in the literature and a study for introducing a more comprehensive theoretical framework has yet to be conducted. The aim of this study is, therefore, firstly, to present a theoretical framework that can explain the role of nature in the creation of architectural concepts by its detailed factors and, secondly, to apply this framework for investigating nature-inspired works of Toyo Ito. Accordingly, this documentary paper is based on a theoretical approach supported mainly by the outcomes of a literature review and case study analysis, which utilizes the descriptive-analytical method. For the case study part, projects were selected from various scales and functions to ensure proper evaluation. Both qualitative and quantitative tactics have been used in data analysis. Findings demonstrated that the highest rate in regards to the itemized factors of the Theoretical Framework of the study relates to ‘Integration of natural elements in spatial articulation’ and the lowest rate corresponds to ‘Usage of material in their raw and brutal state’. Moreover, though the highest level of utilization of nature among the cases, is related to ‘Grin Grin’, a large-scale project, yet considering all the frequencies, it can be argued that the larger scale does not necessarily imply the higher frequency.