فصلنامه پاتوبیولوژی مقایسه ای
سال هجدهم شماره 72 (تابستان 1400)

The present study was conducted to evaluate hemolymph protein changes in the effect of feeding different levels of the protein of honey bee(Apismellifera L.). The experiments carried out with five treatments, including different levels of protein (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 percent) and 4 replications in a completely randomized design with four replicates in the incubator condition. poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)methode was used for the separation of proteins extracted from Hemolymph. Antibacterial peptides expression of defencin and abasin in hemolymph at the age of 12 days between treatments was statistically significant and 10% protein treatment expression showed the highest and control group the lowest value in defencin peptide (2293 units against 1412 units respectively) and about abasin peptide,treatment of 5 % protein showed the greatest amount and control and 2.5% protein treatment showed the lowest value of expression (1970 units against 1257 and zero respectively) (p<0.0001). Totally, the results showed that the profile of protein of hemolymphand of honey bee with feeding different levels of protein changed and improved.

To date, the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of clove extract has been proven, which makes it one of the treatments that can be used in wound healing. Comparing the healing effect with other healing aids makes clove extract stand out among wound healers. In this study, histopathological examination of clove nanofibers (eugenol) was performed in comparison with polycaprolactone nanofibers in other experimental thicknesses created in rat skin. In 45 adult Wistar rats, a dorsal ulcer induced. They are then randomly divided into three groups of 15 (observed group, eugenol nanofibers and polycaprolactone), then each into five other groups of 5 (fraternity sample groups on days seven, 14, and 21) Divide, collagen, epithelial thickness, scar, leukocytes infiltration, edema, acute hemorrhage and stretch test were evaluated. In the eugenol treatment group, epithelialization and collagen index increased significantly (P <0.05) from days 7 to 21 from the other two budget groups. The results show that clove nanofibers accelerated the healing process in thickened skin function compared to polycaprolactone and the control group.

Ascomycota contains the most numerous groups of fungi and playing important roles in most of ecosystems. Diverse aspects of their activities, ascomycetes are known as fascinating subjects of biological studies, including exploration of new strategies for alteration of fungal lifespan. The gene los1, directly involving in nucleus-cytoplasm tRNA trafficking, plays a critical role in fungal growth rate, as well as its drug resistance. Here, we investigated an upstream region of the gene los1; among 10 species belong to Ascomycota. Furthermore, its homologue was knocked out from Aspergillus fumigatus, and its subsequent influences on any changes in expression of some related genes and drug resistance were evaluated. Our results suggest that in Ascomycota, the upstream region of los1 contains recognition sites for transcription factors SFP1 and FKH1. There is also a low probability that the transcription factor YAP6 binds to the upstream region of this gene. Besides, its deletion may lead to increase of fungal lifespan, as well as its resistance to bleomycin, while it presents more sensitivity to cycloheximide. The results of this study can be used in more targeted and intelligent selection of fungal antibiotics. In addition, information about the role of los1 gene in the growth and lifespan of ascomycetes, as well as their drug resistance and sensitivity, can be used in the design and manufacture of industrial strains.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of folic acid to treat gastric ulcer resulted from gastrotomy in rats. In this study, 75 adult Wistar rats with a mean weight of 280 ± 20 were used. These rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 15 ones. All rats were treated by gastrotomy surgery. The first group of rats received omeprazole (20 mg / kg), the second, third and fourth group were treated by 2, 5 and 10 mg / kg of folic acid respectively per body weight on daily basis for 21 days, and ultimately, the fifth group received water. Five rats from each group were randomly anesthetized on 7th, 14th and 21st day after the surgery. After removal of the stomach, the ulcer site was first examined macroscopically and then the lesions of the histopathologic sections were taken. After staining of Hematoxylin-Eosin and chrome ventricle, gastric ulcer healing was examined through microscope. The results of histopathologic studies showed that the rats in the folic acid and omeprazole treatment group had significantly better pathological results (p <0.05) than the control group. Based on the obtained results, it seems that folic acid has appropriate and acceptable impacts on healing of gastrotomy in rats.

Silver has long been known for its antibacterial properties. In fact, silver nanoparticles, due to the release of silver ions, show such properties against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and are widely used as additives in poultry diets. Regarding the antibacterial effects of this compound, research has shown contradictory results that do not indicate beneficial antibacterial effects. For this study, 240 one-day-old male chickens were divided into six groups with four replications. The experimental groups were: control diet (without additives), diet containing 10 ppm of the antibiotic avilamycin, diet containing 400 ml of silver nanoparticles per ton of feed, diet containing 800 ml of silver nanoparticles per ton of feed, diet containing 400 ml of silver nanoparticles per cubic meter of drinking water, diet containing 800 ml of silver nanoparticles per cubic meter of drinking water and to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles on growth factor and body efficiency and some blood and serum parameters and microbial population of the device Digestive (ileum) of broiler chickens and comparison of antibacterial and growth stimulant effects with avilamycin antibiotic.The results showed a significant increase (P <0.05) in monocytes and chicken feed consumption and an increase in Clostridium population and a significant decrease in triglyceride concentration in the 800 ml group of silver particles in the diet and water (P <0.05), but its effect There was no significant effect on chicken weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Contrary to popular belief, silver nanoparticles are not suitable as a growth stimulant additive to control harmful bacteria in the poultry digestive tract and strengthen the immune system, increasing the feed conversion ratio of broilers.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the treatment of male infertility, because infertility treatment is important in the group of cancer patients treated with gonadotoxic drugs. The main approach of the mentioned study is to compare two different groups of spermatogonia stem cell culture methods and to evaluate the efficiency of differentiation and proliferation of these group of cells. Successful transplantation of spermatogonia stem cells (SSCs) in laboratory studies requires a suitable microenvironment for proliferation and differentiation of these cells. The natural extracellular matrix provides a good environment for stem cell culture. In the present study, themain purpose was to evaluate the ability of spermatogonial stem cells proliferation and differentiationvia the utilizing the microfluidic device (ex vivo). On the other hand, in the present study, we compared the obtained resultswith culture conditions in conventional culture plates (in vitro) to compare the SSCs proliferation and differentiation ability. In in-vitro culture method first spermatogonia stem cells from neonatal mice were isolated, then the resulted cells were seeded in culture plates on a scaffold consisting of hyaluronic acid, chitosan and decellularized testicular tissue, furthermore, in ex-vivo study the extracted spermatogonial stem cells were cultured in the microfluidic system without a scaffold. In ex vivo study, spermatogonial stem cells were extracted from neonatal male NMRI mice. The extracted cells were transferred to a microfluidic chip that was designed without an external pump, thereafter, the culture process was evaluated by IHC evaluation after one-month culture. In examined samples, cell attachment to the seminiferous tubules, DAPI staining and immunohistochemistry were evaluated. The results of immunohistochemical studies showed a significant increase in the expression of PLZF and TEKT1 markers in ex-vivo models. Finally, the results revealed that the ability of spermatogonia stem cells to induce spermatogenesis and production of haploid cells under testicular tissue culture in the microfluidic system is much more significant than conventional culture conditions in laboratory plates for these cells.

Liver fibrosis is one of the chronic and common diseases that is associated with increased production of excess collagen in the liver by star-shaped cells with increased TGF-β expression. Induction of cholestasis is one way which caused to liver fibrosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifibrotic effect of Epimedium extract on liver cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The rats were divided into 8 groups of 5, including healthy control, 3 healthy experimental were treated with doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of Epimedium extract, BDL group and 3 BDL were treated with mentioned doses. The rats were treated via intragastric gavage for 45 consecutive days (once per day). After 45 days, Alkalin phosphatase serumic level was measured after rats anesthesia and their serum isolation. Also, the rat's liver was fixed, colored and then evaluated via using the common immunohistochemical method with TGF-β antibody.The results showed a significant increase in serum levels of ALP enzyme and an increase in TGF-β expression in BDL group. Dose-dependent Treatment with Epimedium extract was able to improve these changes significantly. The results of this study showed that Epimedium extract probably improves the serum level of ALP enzyme by increasing the stability of cell membranes and also reduces the production and deposition of collagen in the liver by inhibiting the activation of stellar cells and inhibiting TGF-β expression.

Adaptive immune response in broiler chicken varies against each type of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. These variations could be explained by the observed differences in the level of humoral and cell components of adaptive immunity during inflammation and acute phase response. A total of 150 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into the five treatment groups. First group was intramuscularly vaccinated with inactivated Lasota strain of ND, the second and the third groups vaccinated with Vitapest and Lasota by intraocular route. Two groups kept as the controls only received PBS by intramuscular and intraocular routes. Blood sample was taken before vaccination and two consecutive days after vaccination. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha-1 Acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured by ELISA kits for chicken acute phase proteins. White blood cell count and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes were measured as indicator of stress. The results indicated that injection of the vaccine increased the acute phase protein (SAA) and caused stress in treatment groups but no significant change in AGP level. Inactivated ND vaccine had the highest effects on adaptive immunity which also caused monocytosis and mild basopenia in white blood cells. By identifying the effects of each vaccine on adaptive immunity, it is possible to decide on the proper vaccine required for each flock. Understanding the significant effects of vaccines on the level of acute phase proteins and stress could be used for vaccine design the vaccine and poultry flock managements.