فصلنامه مطالعات میان فرهنگی
پیاپی 46 (بهار 1400)

The subject of this research is the expression of the role of Arabic language and literature in the transfer of Islamic culture and civilization to modern Spain (Islamic Andalusia). This mapping began since 92 AH, the beginning of the Muslim presence in this land, and lasted for nearly 8 centuries. What was transferred to Andalusia as a heritage of Islamic culture and civilization during this period is in the form of written works and oral narrations, which are often translated into Arabic and its use requires the familiarity of Andalusians with this language. In this article, based on descriptive-analytical method, the main question has been what is the role of Arabic language as a bridge between Islamic culture and civilization in the East and Christian Spain in the West? According to the findings of this study, Islamic culture and civilization spread in Andalusia during the 8th century, especially in the first centuries of Islam, where almost all of its content could be transmitted in Arabic and only in this language. As a result, the Arabic language became important to both the people of Andalusia and the rulers for the transmission of religious teachings as well as the connection of Andalusians with the government. Subsequently, steps were taken to address the existing needs, such as the establishment of schools, libraries, and the transfer of scientific resources and scholars from the East to Andalusia.

Cultural policy is one of the most important tasks of governments in changing society from tradition to modernity. These governments use force to modernize the culture, economy and society. In these governments, intellectual elites play an important role in cultural policy-making and determine the executive agenda of governments. After the establishment of the Pahlavi regime, cultural policy became one of the main programs of political elites in Iran and the intellectual elite provided them with new cultural ideas. The purpose of this study is to critique the cultural policies of the first Pahlavi period from the perspective of intellectual and political elites. Therefore, by studying their writings, an attempt is made to study the cultural characteristics of the Pahlavi regime in the political and cultural modernization of Iran. The results of the study show that Reza Shah's centralization policies were able to establish security in Iran and rule the central government in Iran instead of tribes and nomads. This centralism was the result of the efforts of intellectual elites who emphasized authoritarian nation-building in their writings. Authoritarian modernization in the first Pahlavi period intensified social and political divisions and confrontations between tradition and modernity in the coming decades in Iran. This research is descriptive-analytical and the necessary data have been collected by documentary-historical method

The realization of cultural goals and ideals of societies and cultural organizations depends on the amount and type of activities underway, the degree of impact and also their possible consequences at different individual and social stratums and among different segments of society. In this regard, measuring and evaluating effectiveness of the activities are the best way to ensure optimal achievement of the designed goals. So, this study discussed designing a model for evaluation efficiency of cultural activities in Iran. This research was an applied study of the purpose and methodologically as mixed methods. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of cultural & educational management, which was equal to 20 people. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of %95. Findings showed that the factors related to the development model of enhancement of health culture at education of Iran were identified in the form of 28categories and 610 concept codes. And pivotal: religiously (2categories), cultural factors (5 categories), psychological factors (3 categories), economic factors (2 categories) educational factors (3 categories), political factors (3 categories), organization & management (5 categories) and noble contingencies (2 categories). In the second study, the statistical population was 2500 faculty members and graduates of cultural management in Islamic Azad University. According to Cochran's formula, 384 people were selected as a statistical sample and were studied by available methods. Data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the results of the qualitative section and after analyzing the collected data by LISREL software it was found that the designed structural equation model has a good fit.

Margaret Mead believes that vast and profound socio-cultural changes make conditions for growth and upbringing of young generation different from the conditions of the parents; As a result, a generation gap is created, which causes value differences between the two generations. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of individual characteristics and contextual factors in differentiating the value priorities two generations of women. The research method is quantitative-survey that independent group T-statistics and two-way analysis of variance and significance level were used to test the hypotheses. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 50 questions, which was estimated to be 0.66 and its reliability 0.92 using SPSS software version 20. The statistical population of the study includes 173264 married women living in Gonbad Kavous city with Turkmen ethnicity in 1400. Using multi-stage cluster sampling, 200 women in their fifties (mothers) and 200 women in their eighties (girls) were selected as a sample. Findings showed that there is a value difference of % 12.14 in terms of material values ​​and % 17.18 in terms of metamaterial values ​​between mothers and daughters. The results of the study based on the maximum comparison of the mean differences showed that there is a significant difference between job, spouse occupation, housing status, education level, spouse education level and income level of mothers and daughters in terms of priority of material and extraterrestrial values. Material and metamaterial values are more important for the daughter generation compared to the maternal generation.

Production and consumption are not mere economic terms, as they have, for many years, expanded into the sociological realm and spatial analyses. Consumption has been introduced as a key subject in Sociology and Humanities, signifying that the current society is rich in consumption ethics. Because architectural and urban spaces involve peoples’ daily lives thus, it is imperative to address the consumer subject in urban architecture and city planning.This research is an interdisciplinary study that uses a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the contemporary consumer culture and urban and architectural spaces. Reviewing the literature, the study provides a classification of consumer spaces, including commercial and tourism-recreational spaces.This research does not aim to provide a comprehensive conclusion because it strives to enter into spatial dimensions, a subject that has gained the attention of sociologists and thinkers of other scientific assemblies and in the position of architecture and urban planning, the consequences are still original and debatable. Characteristics of intended spaces and their formative and content dimensions reveal that the grave challenges facing our cities are that spaces risk getting empty and converted into platforms for superficial consumption and this issue can be seen and pondered in some cities of the country.

The Islamic Revolution is an inherently cultural revolution, and any realization of the goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution depends on the great cultural progress in the system of the Islamic Republic. Despite the many efforts made over the past 42 years to promote Islamic-Iranian culture, and the undeniable success of the revolution in this field, the cultural conditions of the country are currently far from the desired points and an important part of this distance is due to the inefficiency of the cultural system that in the current situation, the discussion of a fundamental change in the cultural structure of the country has become inevitable. Since a new and fateful topic has recently been raised by the Leader of the Revolution entitled "Revolutionary Reconstruction of the Cultural Structure of the Country", this article addresses a key issue of how to frame reconstruction-related designs, and most importantly, creating the necessary guarantees for the effectiveness of designs that can be produced in this respect, as well as has discussed the issue of reconstruction in terms of nature, assumptions, approaches, layers, foundations, goals, ends, steps and requirements. In addition, in this article, the focal point of reconstruction is introduced and the arena and thematic priorities of reconstruction are explained. Since the purpose of this article is to lay the groundwork for various studies and designs in the field of revolutionary reconstruction of the cultural structure of the country, the product of the article can significantly help to lay the groundwork in this field. Finally, the conclusion of this article is more about the separation of government duties from the popular sector and the transfer of an important part of the headquarters and the line of the cultural system to the people and revolutionary popular organizations as the focal point of reconstruction.