مجله علمی پژوهان
سال بیستم شماره 2 (بهار 1401)

Given the great importance of mother and child health in the community, it is important to identify risk factors during cesarean delivery which is considered as one of the most common gynecological surgeries. Therefore, this study aimed to explore risk factors threatening the health of mother, fetus, and infant during cesarean delivery.

This grounded theoretical study was conducted in 2020 in Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan. In this study, through purposive sampling, 25 semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals involved in cesarean delivery. The accuracy of the data was checked using Lincoln and Guba criteria and analyzed based on Strauss and Corbin method.

In this study, 3 categories and 8 sub-categories were identified, which include: 1.Background factors (high-risk pregnancy, abnormal fetus, and background risk factor), 2.environmental factors (Unfavorable medical equipment, unsafe electrosurgery, excessive workload), and 3.human factors (lack of skilled medical team and the individual errors of the medical team).

The results of this study showed that background, environmental and human factors can cause complications during cesarean delivery. Therefore, it is important to take in to account these results and apply appropriate management strategies to prevent the negative effects of identified factors to ensure the safety of the mother and child during surgery.

The aim of this study was the modeling of loneliness in mothers with Children having learning disabilities (LD) in terms of social support with a mediating role of self-efficacy.

The present study was a descriptive study with structural equations. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with children having learning disabilities who referred to psychotherapy centers in Tabriz in year 2020. Among them, through random sampling, 300 people were selected and they completed the questionnaires of Loneliness Russell and Pilva and Cortona, 1980), Social Support (Sherborn and Stewart, 1991) and Self-efficacy (Nicholas, 1989).The obtained data were analyzed using correlation coefficient and path analysis statistical method with the help of SPSS and AMOS softwares.

Findings showed that direct social support to self-efficacy (P = 0.0001, β = 0.360), is statistically significant. But direct social support to feeling lonely (P = 0.950, β = 0.007) is not statistically significant. Also, social support (P = 0.004, β = -0.141) was able to predict loneliness via negative and indirect method through self-efficacy.

According to the obtained results, it is possible to explain the role of social support and strengthen the self-efficacy of mothers with children having learning disabilities by conducting workshops and educational classes.

Health literacy is recognized as one of the most important determinants of health for proper health decision making. On the other hand, Knowledge and attitude of people towards sports activities is an effective determinant in their decision to participate in health-oriented activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy and knowledge and attitude towards sports activities among high school adolescent girls.

The research method used was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Islamshahr, Tehran province. A sample of 341people was selected by multi-stage random sampling. The required data were collected using the Health Literacy Measure for Adolescents questionnaire and the Knowledge and Attitude Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression analysis.

The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between knowledge and attitude toward sports activities and health literacy (P < 0.05). All components of health literacy have the power to predict the level of awareness and attitude.

According to the results of this study, health literacy can play an important role in encouraging adolescents to participate in sports activities by raising awareness and positive attitude in students.

Cancer is one of the most common disease which is on the rise. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Johnson's theory of behavior on the self-efficacy of mothers of children with cancer.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 66 mothers with children with cancer in centers caring for children with cancer via random sampling in 2020. Data were collected using two 20-item Domkai demographic and self-efficacy questionnaires, Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.

Paired t-test showed a significant difference between the two test groups before and after the intervention, but this test did not show a significant difference in the control group. However, Independent sample t-test did not show a significant difference before and after the intervention in the control group, but showed a significant difference in the experimental group.

The results of the study showed that Johnson's theory plays an important role in increasing the self-efficacy of mothers of children with cancer. Thus it's is suggested that when tailoring programs of child care, the needs of the mothers be addressed as well.

Disability to recognize an emotional state is one of the most important behavioral problems in children with autism severely affects their interactions and consequently their parents' parental competence. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of emotional states on parental competence in children with autism.

The present study is a clinical trial study. Autistic children with autism were block randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Children in the intervention group received ten 45-minute training sessions using 40 images related to four states of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Mothers in both groups completed the questionnaires at the beginning and one day after the intervention.

Emotional state training has improved parental competence in the intervention group. Also, there was a statistically significant difference in the total and dimensional score of parental competence between the two groups (P< 0.001).

Teaching emotional states to children with autism improved parental competence in mothers. Accordingly, it is suggested that facial education be placed in the educational priorities of these children.

Health personnel are among the most influential people in determining the type of delivery in mothers. Female medical students are considered as future health workers and future mothers of the society. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of female students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences towards the advantages and disadvantages of different types of childbirth.

In this cross-sectional study, 188 female students living in dormitories of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences as a sample of all disciplines and entrances were randomly assigned to the study. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information and knowledge and attitude questions about the benefits and complications of natural delivery and cesarean section. Data were collected by referring to the girls' dormitories of the university and analyzed.

The results showed that the mean age of students was
21.97 ± 2.07. 170 (90.4%) were single and 18 (9.6%) were married. The mean knowledge and attitude of students towards the type of delivery were 27.26 ± 4.03 and 33.76 ± 6.94, respectively. The relationship between knowledge and attitude was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The correlation between knowledge and attitude and demographic variables (age, marital status, field and place of residence) was not significant (P > 0.05).

The results of this study showed that about 20% of students had sufficient knowledge and attitude about the benefits and complications of natural childbirth and cesarean section. With increasing access to sexual health resources, low level of knowledge and attitude of students does not seem acceptable, so the necessary measures should be included, including the advantages and disadvantages of natural childbirth and cesarean section in the course of medical students, education through the media. Public and cyberspace and holding cultural educational workshops to increase the level of awareness and attitude of students.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of impulse control training and dialectical behavioral therapy on unplanned, motor and cognitive impulsivity in adolescent girls with disordered mood disorders.

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the present study was girls with disordered mood disorder who were available in each group of 7 patients after diagnosis. Measurement tools included clinical interview based on DSM-5 and Bart (1994) Impulsivity Scale. During this period, the control group did not receive any intervention. The results were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the impulsivity subscales of the experimental group of impulse control and dialectical behavior therapy with the control group (p <0.001). There is a significant difference dialectically (p <0.001).

In the field of treatment and work with people who are in a state of crisis and impulsivity, impulse control and dialectical behavior therapy, considering its nature, seems to be very effective and promising.

Multiple sclerosis is a common neurological disease that typically manifests itself in advanced and chronic stages. The unknown nature of the etiology of this disease is a big problem. The current study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment based study on psychological issues like anxiety, depression and rumination in a 13 and a 16 year old adolescents with multiple sclerosis.

The present study was a single case of multiple baseline type of treatment process. Participants in this study were patients who referred to the Hamadan Child and Adolescent Psychological Clinic in the summer of 1399 and in addition to MS suffered from significant psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and rumination. The study sample consisted of 2 adolescents 13 and 16 years old with MS who volunteered to participate in this study. According to the ethical criteria after the study, members of the control group also received the independent variable (acceptance and commitment-based education) during 8 sessions. Beck Depression Inventory (2000) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and the Nolen-Hoxima (1991) Ruminant Response Scale were assessed in ten sessions before treatment, at the end of each treatment session, and after the last session.

The results showed that the rate of improvement in anxiety after 8 sessions of treatment for the first client was 42% and the rate of recovery for the second client was 47% and the overall recovery rate for both clients was 44.5%. The rate of recovery of depression for the first and second clients was 0.50, 0.50 and 0.6%, respectively, and the rate of overall recovery was 65.06%, the rate of recovery for the first client was 65%, and for the second client was 58%, and the overall recovery rate was 61.5% (P < 0.001).

The results of the study of these two subjects indicated the clinical effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the subjects' anxiety, depression and rumination approaches. Finally, it can be said that this method of treatment is effective and to further evaluate its effectiveness, controlled evaluation studies are needed to achieve a definitive result.