Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:4 Issue: 10, Autumn 2021

Vitamin D has recently been shown to not only participate in calcium metabolism but also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of vitamin D3 on changes of liver tissue, liver transaminases and some blood biochemical parameters in adult male rats treated with thioacetamide.

Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were grouped into 6 groups of 8. The control group did not receive any treatment, but the sham group 0.2 ml of distilled water as the drug solvent, the experimental group 1 (Exp1) 1000 IU/kg vitamin D3, the Exp2 50 mg/kg thioacetamide, the Exp3 500 IU/kg Vitamin D3 and 50 mg/kg thioacetamide and Exp4 1000 IU/kg Vitamin D3 and 50 mg/kg thioacetamide received by orally gavage for 25 days. At the end of the study, body weight, liver weight, serum levels of liver transaminases (ALT, AST and GGT) and blood biochemical parameters (ALP, total protein and albumin) were measured. Also, liver tissues were evaluated histopathologically.

Thioacetamide did not cause significant changes in liver weight and ALP serum levels but caused significant changes in body weight, serum levels of ALT, AST, GGT, albumin and total protein in Exp2, 3 and 4. In Exp3 and 4 degrees of improvement in body weight and serum levels were observed in a dose-dependent manner. In the Exp2 necrosis and severe destruction of liver tissue were observed, but in the Exp3 and 4, improvement in necrosis and cell damage was observed in a dose-dependent manner.

Vitamin D3 at maximum dose (1000 IU/kg) has protective effects on liver tissue and improves liver tissue, serum levels of liver transaminases and blood biochemical parameters and in thioacetamide-treated rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of liver lesions in slaughtered sheep in Yasuj slaughterhouse with specific reference to the prevalence rates, gross and histopathological features.

This study was conducted from winter 2018 - 2020. A total of 800 livers from 3062 slaughtered sheep identified as having one or more liver lesions were used for macroscopic and microscopic studies.

Fifteen percent of the 800 studied livers had liver lesions. In the macroscopic and microscopic study of these lesions, 39 cases (4.9%) were diagnosed with liver abscess, 28 cases of hydatid cyst (3.75%), 20 cases of fasciolosis (2.5%), fatty liver (2.5%) and 2 cases of scurvy cystosis (2.5%).

Our study shows the high rate of liver lesions, especially abscesses and parasites in sheep in Yasuj slaughterhouse and the need for more attention to the prevention and treatment of these lesions.

Yolk sac infection (YSI) and colibacillosis are the most common infectious diseases that lead to high rates of early chick mortalities (ECMs) in young chicks. In this study, by referring to the Mashhad Veterinary Laboratory, one hundred chicks from different poultry farms sent to the Veterinary Laboratory, were examined and sampling was performed. All specimens without a history of antibiotic use were gradually transferred to a laboratory to be cultured from their yolk sac.

For this purpose, MacConkey culture medium and eosin methylene blue were used to grow microbes. The morphological status of the microbe was examined by slide preparation and Gram staining. Also, using biochemical culture medium, indole and methyl red index were used to identify Escherichia coli bacteria. Then, antibiogram of the isolated strains was performed to determine the susceptibility and resistance of the microbes. For this purpose, the disk diffusion method was used by Kirby Bauer method and compared with standard drug disks. Finally, based on the results, the extent of microbial contamination and their drug sensitivity were determined.

The findings showed that 40% of the samples contained Escherichia coli and the highest microbial susceptibility to Ceftiofur and gentamicin drugs was observed, such that their sensitivity was 57.5% and 60%, respectively. The three drugs of Colistine, phosphomycin and lincomycin were 30% sensitive. Oxytetracycline, Sultrim, Erythromycin, Fluorophenicol, Tiamulin and Tylosin showed more than 90% drug resistance. Also, other antibiotics had different degrees of drug resistance and in addition, multidrug resistance has been observed in abundance.

Since the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused high drug resistance in chickens, it is necessary to minimize the occurrence of microbial contamination by observing hygienic conditions and appropriate disinfection. Also, the prescription of drugs should only be done by a veterinarian and based on the antibiogram.

N-acetylcysteine is an antioxidant drug that is used to treat many disorders, including the treatment of poisoning. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the protective effect of different doses of N-acetylcysteine on the change in FAS gene expression level in the ovarian tissue of rats treated with acrylamide as a toxic compound.

Thirty-six female, adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups. The dose of acrylamide was 50 mg/kg and the doses of N-acetylcysteine were 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg. The grouping of animals included the control group, acrylamide, N-acetylcysteine and a combination of acrylamide and N-acetylcysteine. 28 days later, the ovaries of the animals were removed and FAS mRNA expression level was measured by real-time PCR method.

Acrylamide alone increased the FAS expression level compared to the control group (p˂0.05). On the other hand, N-acetylcysteine at the maximum dose (40 mg/kg) did not show a significant difference in FAS expression level compared to the control group (p˃0.05).

Administration of acrylamide in rats increases FAS expression level in ovarian tissue and induces apoptosis. On the other hand, the administration of N-acetylcysteine at the maximum dose (40 mg/kg) improves FAS expression level with antioxidant effects and inhibits induced apoptosis in the ovarian tissue.

The purpose of this study was to provide an accurate and reliable report of the normal dimensions and time indices of the heart in healthy adult Najdi goats.

Fifteen healthy adult Najdi goats were selected. Then, complete PW echocardiography examinations of the animals were performed in a standing position without the use of sedation. In the following, the blood flow in mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aorta and pulmonary vessels were measured.

The results of PW Doppler echocardiography in healthy goats showed that the blood flow in the aorta and pulmonary vessels in the right sternal view and the blood flow in the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve in the left sternal view are evaluated and checked in the best way. The obtained values were reported as a reference for healthy adult Najdi goats.

PW Doppler echocardiography allows the measurement of intracardiac blood flow indices in goats. The obtained reference values could be effective in the interpretation of the functional indices of the heart in diseased goats that show the symptoms of heart disease clinically and also be effective in heart research in human cases.

Vertebral column injuries are very common and vary in severity and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the spine for abnormal curvature of the spine, such as scoliosis and kyphosis and osteoarthritis of the intervertebral joints and the collapse (degeneration) of the discs between the bones of the spine and other abnormality in dogs.

In this study, the osteoarthrosis of the intervertebral joints and the collapse (degeneration) of the discs between the bones of the spine and spinal injuries, in radiographs of the vertebrae was examined. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between these injuries with age, sex and the breed of dogs referred to clinics and hospitals in Tehran during a period of 2 years (2020-2021). 

The incidence of spinal disorders in different age groups during the study period was 17.89% in the age group 0 to 5 years, 49.75% for age group 6 to 10 years and 32.36% for age group 11 to 15 years. The incidence of spinal disorders in different sexes during the study period was 39.80% in males and 60.20% in females.

This study revealed that the probability of suffering from primary vertebral injuries increased with the dog's age and the percentage of vertebral problems in females is higher than males.