نشریه دانش مبارزه با مواد مخدر
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

 The treatment and prevention of corona virus (Covid-19) pandemic has became major challenges to governments.  The healthcare systems and public health policies globally, have adopted novel strategies to deal with these issues. Marginalized community, particularly those with substance use disorders (SUD), are particularly vulnerable to contract the infection and also likely to suffer from greater psychosocial burden. This article analyses the intricate bi-directional relationship between Covid-19 and addiction. 

 this study using descriptive method- library and systematic review, has searched articles and news published in e-database such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct and Scopus a with the following key terms- Covid-19, Pandemic, Addiction, drug abuse Alcohol, “Substance use disorders between 2019 to 2020. F 

 People with SUD are at risk population for contamination due to multiple factors—attributable to their clinical, psychological and psychosocial conditions and also at greater risk of worse Covid-19 outcome. Addicted people are especially facing difficulties in accessing the healthcare services which are making them prone to procure drugs by illegal means. 

 Covid-19 and addiction are the two pandemics which are on the verge of collision causing major public health threat. While every effort must be taken to make the public aware of deleterious effects of SUD on Covid-19 prognosis, the resumption of de addiction services and easier accessibility of prescription drugs are needs of the hour.

Today, addiction and the tendency to drug abuse in the world has become a very big problem for governments. Drug use as a social and unacceptable habit in all human societies has affected countless men and women, especially from adolescence to middle age. Studies in this field consider various individual, social and family factors to be effective in the tendency to use drugs. The purpose of this article is to investigate the causes of adolescent addiction and ways to prevent it.

The type of applied research and its method is descriptive survey. The statistical population was 40 addicts and 40 non-addicts by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was designed and adjusted using indicators such as family emotional atmosphere, social relationships and some personal characteristics. To examine the effect of depression on addiction, SCL-90 test depression questions were used.

This study showed that among the variables in the study, the variables of depression, parental divorce, association with bad people, smoking and academic failure can affect adolescents' tendency to use drugs and other variables can explain the causes of tendency to They are not drugs.

The results of this study show that the most important factors in adolescents 'tendency to use drugs are depression, parental divorce, socializing with bad people, smoking and finally academic failure have the greatest effect on adolescents' tendency to use drugs. have.

Drug addiction is one of the major challenges in the international and Iranian level and relapse into addiction is considered an important factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological, family and social factors affecting the recurrence of drug addicts.

The study was post-event. The statistical population was all addicts referred to addiction treatment centers in Yazd province in 1998 with a frequency of 520 who had relapse to drugs and 121 people were selected by convenience sampling method and surveyed with a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Friedman test.

The results showed that all three psychological, familial and social factors play a role in recurrence and in terms of order and prioritization, first social factor, then psychological and finally family factors affect recurrence. One of the most important components of the psychological factor is tempting thoughts and depression, the role of friends, peers and groups is one of the most important components of the social factor and family problems and disputes are among the most important components of the family factor.

Psychological, social and family factors with different degrees of importance cause relapse to addiction, which requires the design of studies on the causes of relapse and strategies to prevent it as the main problem of drug addiction.

 Several factors are effective in the tendency to use drugs. The aim of this study was to present a causal model of drug abuse in students based on parenting styles with the role of impulsive mediation. 

 The research method was descriptive and structural equations. The statistical population of the study consisted of students of Hakim Sabzevari University in the first semester of 1397-98 (7248 people). To select the sample, stratified random sampling method (216 female students and 60 male students) was used. The research instruments included the Impulsivity Questionnaire of Ernest Bart et al. (2004), Wade et al. (1992) Addiction Talent, and Bamrind (1991) Parenting Styles. Structural equation method was used to analyze the data. 

 The fit indices of the research model were in good condition. Parenting styles have a direct effect on students' substance abuse. Impulsivity also mediated between parenting styles and drug abuse. 

 The findings of the study indicated a good fit of the conceptual model of the research. Accordingly, in addiction treatment clinics, in order to reduce the level of addiction tendency, it is necessary to pay attention to the antecedents of parenting style and impulsivity.

This study investigated the effect of public and social health dimensions on the tendency of Tehranian women to methamphetamine using multi-stage cluster sampling and descriptive and inferential statistics.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive-analytical method and survey research method. To measure the dimensions of health and tendency to addiction, questionnaire tools in three types of standards; Keyes Social Health, General Health (GHQ) and Zargar Addiction Questionnaire were used. The statistical population of this study consists of all women living in Tehran.

The results of this study showed that the higher the health among women, the greater the tendency to industrial drugs, especially methamphetamine, and the more unhealthy the tendency to methamphetamine. Also, the effect of contextual factors was examined by two-sample t-test, which resulted in significant relationships between factors such as age, education, occupation, income and marital status of participants and the tendency to addiction.

Finally, the results of this study showed that the tendency to addiction in women, especially in metropolitan areas such as Tehran, is increasingly becoming an epidemic and needs more attention from researchers, officials and grassroots organizations. From the smallest and most basic of them, ie the family, to the policies that should be adopted in the macro dimension of society.

In this study, the views of officials and stakeholders in the field of counternarcotics were analyzed according to the general policies of the system.

This research is applied in terms of purpose; And with a comparative approach and in terms of nature has a descriptive-analytical nature relying on the mixed method and using quantitative and qualitative methods so that both the library and documentary methods and the survey method and using the questionnaire and The Delphi in-depth interview method has also been used. The statistical population of the study includes 82 experts and senior experts of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police, the Presidential Anti-Narcotics Headquarters and the Judiciary, all of whom were included as statistical samples due to their availability.

The research findings indicate the impact of actors, process and policy environment in the implementation of general policies of the system in three areas of coping, structural and prevention.

The subcategories of each category were extracted based on the opinions of experts and a model was presented.