Creative City Design
Volume:3 Issue: 2, Oct 2020

Due to the lack of suitable and attractive spaces around the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza, as well as the recreational and welfare facilities near the Shrine, the number of tourists has decreased. As the spiritual capital of Iran, Mashhad city welcomes each year a number of enthusiastic religious tourists, which has led, after tourism, to developing grounds for creating public spaces and the urban development growth. The main purpose of the current study is presenting strategies and recommendations in the field of tourist attractions and taking benefit of the monuments and old districts in Mashhad and revitalizing the historical places of Payin Khiaban neighborhood considering that the place usage should be appropriate to the type of place. To obtain the components affecting the tourist attraction and presenting information about the culture of Mashhad city, the study reviews the relevant literature. To collect data through snowball sampling method, the designed questionnaires were distributed among the experts of the relevant field and the responses were analyzed after the questionnaires were filled in, by software SPSS. Creating sidewalks, the restoration and revitalization of the monuments, creating stops and movements on paths which often associate moving towards a single point, creating usages in contrary to all usages present in the district to date, and blowing spirit to a framework which is not itself anymore to reform the old places of Payin Khiaban neighborhood are some important issues.

Nowadays, participatory processes in architectural design for children are considered by many architects. Children's drawings are often used as the participation tool, and the results of participation depend on the architect's interpretation of these drawings. The main problem is the degree of applicability of participation results with children in a given area to children in other areas. Children participating in different participatory processes do not possess the same characteristics of the living environment. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of children's living environment on the results of participatory processes by examining the role of children's living environment in shaping the content of the drawing. To this end, 100 urban and rural children in a participatory process draw on a common design theme. Then, the authors compared and analyzed the content of the drawings. The results showed that the content of children's drawings mainly reflected the characteristics of their living environment. Besides, the children's living environment was found to influence the outcome of participatory processes by influencing their drawing content. The results of interpreting the drawings of children living in an area are entirely local and insufficient, and their use as a design criterion is inefficient for children in other areas and does not yield the desired results.

The safety of a building against the phenomenon of fire is a stereotype that we, the individual, read, see and sometimes painfully feel its absence. The engineering of a building against fire is one of the architectural infrastructures in the resistance of buildings. Which has been proposed and agreed on the scale of "durable metropolises" since 2015. The present study is based on the method of structural equations and data analysis by SPSS and Lisrel software (version 10 for mac). In this method the data were collected in the form of a questionnaire and in terms of Likert among the heads of stations of the Tehran Municipality Fire and Safety Services and the university elite. Resilient design of the architecture of a building against the spread of fire, design of automatic fire extinguishing systems is also the appropriate coverage of the structure of a building against the heat caused by the flame of the building. Fire has the highest coefficient Impact is among the variables affecting the stability of the building against fire hazard. Also, in the next ranks of effectiveness, respectively, the two variables of automatic fire extinguishing systems in the initial stages of lighting and optimal coverage of the building structure against the heat reflected from the fire.

The loss of the communicational power between the architecture and the crisis of meaning might be felt in the contemporary era. Heidegger, the founder of philosophical hermeneutics in the 20th century, believes that spaces owe their existence to a place and not to a space and that the spaces owe their power to a place where human experiences exist. Therefore, one may find out the importance of human beings (Dasein) on the issue of existence and time. Heidegger's philosophical hermeneutics attitude is reflected in the architecture, such as Christian Norberg-Schulz, the Norwegian theorist and architecture, who is affected by Martin Heidegger from philosophical viewpoint. While interpreting the attitudes of Heidegger to the architectural language, Schulz called architecture as presenting the world and providing the meaning. The current research aims at finding a way for the easy understanding of the audience regarding the philosophical hermeneutics in architecture. In this regard, the research method is descriptive from subject viewpoint, and as to the data gathering, the documents' information is gathered (Library-based method). Heidegger believes that the existential elements of origin, path and destination are meaningful when the world is put in the place. Schulz believes that the architectural language related to establishing meaningful places is summarized into three main words of topology, typology and morphology, the architectural elements of which are form, space and place.

Malaysia has seen many changes in the urban planning system and is one of the countries with a zoning system. Given the country's current success, the present study seeks to examine the current system in Malaysia. In this regard, we will first describe the general characteristics of this country and then we will investigate the background and urban planning system at different levels. The research method of this research is descriptive analytical and the library-documentary method has been used to collect theoretical foundations. Therefore, this study was conducted by analyzing the content of sources and texts worked in this field, including articles and doctoral dissertations on wayfinding, and at the end, to review the research conducted in the doctoral program to analyze the wayfinding component by searching for sources. Various doctoral dissertations on the topic of wayfinding the blind in urban areas have been selected and also the article on wayfinding techniques for the blind in downtown Kuala Lumpur will be reviewed. In thefollowing, the content of the selected dissertation has been analyzed according to the theoretical foundations and theoretical framework of the research. Among the research findings, we can mention the influence of environmental factors, the direction of the path and the attractiveness of the environment in wayfinding healthy people, Also, the use of the senses, sound signs, and verbal explanations are among the factors influencing the choice of the path of the blind. It is hoped that by identifying and more attention to the components extracted from the study of experiences in the context of wayfinding in the better grounding and fabric for the presence of citizens and tourists to take an effective step in a sustainable economy and society.

Phenomenological philosophy believes that dwelling is the main way of interaction with the world and most of the life-world changes take place through the dwelling. However, for contemporary man, dwelling has been reduced to a habitual thing and its quality has been forgotten. Major studies on dwelling have also considered it as only a human behavior in a set of other behaviors and have neglected how to dwell. That is why we are facing a Being Crisis. Martin Heidegger was one of the first thinkers to realize this dilemma and identified dwelling from an ontological perspective. In his view, human existence is based on dwelling. But since dwelling has become an ontic matter, human is not settled down, but is rather homeless. The objective of this study is to explain how human dwell in the world from Heidegger's view and to answer this question that what is the significant relationship between man and the world and how this relationship causes dwelling in the world? For this purpose, by using the method of descriptive/interpretive research and the technique of"library studies", we have first studied anthropology and cosmology and the relationship between man and the world and then the dwelling phenomenon. Based on research findings, in Heidegger's view, interaction with "things" in the environment transforms human`s being-in-the-world into being-in-the-place and elevates the environment to the place. In order to dwell in the place human has to build. The building that corresponds to the essence of the place brings being-in-the-place to being-in-the-settling-place.

Statement of the Problem: 

Architectural issues have various aspects, and creatively responding to such issues is an important criterion in evaluating the quality of architectural works, thus seeking effective factors on these aspects is of special importance for prompting the quality of responding to architectural issues. Nowadays, participatory architecture is a general approach which focuses on involving individuals and specialists in the process of designing. In this regard, observing children’s civil rights aiming at obtaining a mutual understanding between the child and the designer is considered as the main focus of designers to children in the processes of participatory designing while frequently ignoring the abilities of children’s thinking system in the areas of idea development and designing. Therefore, using the abilities of children’s thinking system in creating architectural works and its conditions is the main issue in this regard.Research Question: How are the theoretical foundations of the effectiveness of the architect-child participation explained in improving the quality of responding to architectural issues?

The current study aims at introducing a new aspect of participation beyond the general perspective of research so far conducted in this area while considering fundamental concepts in the area of children thinking.

This research applies a qualitative, fundamental, and descriptive- analysis based method in addition to seven-step meta-synthesis method by Sandelowski and Barrosos. The study results indicated that "architecture-child participatory thinking" can be introduced as a new "architect-child participation" method. In this new method, the product of participation is developed based on "architecture-child interactive thinking", and the role of children is upgraded from "respondent" to "the main thinker". During the design process, children make "creative comments" alongside the architect and the architect simply "standardizes" the end product.

Traditional urban centers from the past until now have been the bedrock of social interactions and have welcomed citizens and pilgrims from all over the country. But today, the historical nuclei of cities have declined and worn out with the growth of urbanization and have led to the exit from social life. Due to the role of culture, the historical and cultural values in these contexts can be used as a source for economic development and productivity, by creating artistic and cultural centers as well as attractive and diverse social events as a new approach to return to social life. Organizing and recreating culture became the basis of historical contexts. The purpose of this study is to use social and cultural events and benefit from their positive economic, social and cultural effects in order to revive the legacy left and recreate the culture based on the historical context. The present study was conducted by descriptive-analytical method using a questionnaire. The statistical population includes the residents of Arg neighborhood by random sampling method and using the Cochran's formula, equivalent to 288 people were selected. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and PLSS and SPSS software. The results show that benefiting from the diversity of heritage and cultural sites of historical context, social and financial support for holding social events, motivating participants and social cohesion leads to increasing vitality and reviving the historical context of Arg neighborhood.

The studies on contemporary architecture based on the scientific or positivist methods are mostly expanded on measurable quantitative, not able to achieve the qualitative dimensions and hidden meanings of phenomena in perception of space. The studied phenomena in this field are based on the user experience about the space and creation of its memories in his/her mind that are seen in many architectural studies. So, it is important to replace a new alternative method with the old positivistic approaches in architectural studies. One of the alternatives in this field is phenomenological research method. The present qualitative research, by descriptive-analytical method, attempted first to explain the phenomenological research methodology and then determine the nature of this method, different types of it, and its applications for study the perception of space in contemporary architecture. Later, the first-person, existential and hermeneutic methods of phenomenology were explained. Finally, the results of discussion showed that phenomenological research methods study the true essence of the things and follow inter subjectivity support of the studied phenomenon and this leads to the deep understanding of some phenomena such as perception of space.

At the end of December 2019, the spread of a new infectious disease was reported in Wuhan, China. It was created by a new coronavirus and was officially named Covid-19 by the World Health Organization. This disease not only causes public health concerns but also causes a number of psychological diseases. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Covid-19 disease on the mental health and attendance of urban planning students in the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad and the relationship between them. The statistical population of the study, using the Cochran's formula, is 229 people out of the total number of urban planning students of Mashhad Azad University with 600 inputs from 94 to 97. Random sampling method has been employed. The data collection tool in this study is a researcher-made questionnaire, which includes a combination of standard mental health questionnaire SCL-25 and questions related to students'attendance in urban areas. In this study, data are analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis technique in AMOS software, to significantly determine the regression weight of different structures of the questionnaire to predict the relevant items. After library studies and collecting data by the field-based method, in the final stage, raw data obtained from the questionnaires are analyzed using SPSS software to describe the current situation, and the statistical method of Pearson correlation and Linear regression are used to analyze the indicators. The results of the present study show that the disease has caused anger and violence among students, which in turn affects mental health factors and their attendance, because these same people enter the university and city with a violent spirit. Finally, it was found out that there is a direct relationship between Covid-19 disease, mental health and students' attendance.

Having sense of security in urban public areas is a concept that is considered as one of the highest values in the value hierarchy by citizens. This issue would be more critical in the poor areas, and therefore the role of urban design and the application of urban smart solutions for reducing problems would be more important and necessary in the mentioned areas. District 16 of Tehran is one of these critical areas. In this research, the philosophical paradigm is interpretivism and therefore the research approach is qualitative. This study is based on the cross-sectional survey research method. Data collection was done through direct observation of researchers and interviews made posing open-ended questions. Based on the descriptive analysis method, to clarify the type of strategies, the collected data were scored according to the AHP method. According to the results, from among the environmental factors, pollution of sidewalks and pedestrians is the most important factor that effects on women. The second most important factor is the abandoned empty lands in the era; the most serious problem with such places is the gatherings of addicts over there. Emptiness of the urban spaces and lack of suitable furniture have prevented women from using the spaces, and this has led to the genderization of the spaces. Inadequate lighting is another challenging issue in those areas. From among the functional factors, lack of public transportation during the night can be named as an important lack;  Accordingly 11 strategies is proposed  for smart city management , so as to reduce some of the challenges and to improve sense of security among women in these areas.

Environmental comfort is one of the qualities of urban spaces that its existence enhances the efficiency and level of satisfaction of citizens and users of a space. This satisfaction and interaction in the urban space causes individual and collective behaviors of citizens and encourages them to relate with the urban space and social relations. Therefore, in this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the role of environmental comfort on the behavior of citizens in Khosravi Street (between Khosravi intersection and Dialmeh intersection) using a quantitative analysis method by a questionnaire (138 people), and for this purpose, the validation of the research was assessed using Cronbach's alpha tests and the relationship between index and research criteria was analyzed using the confirmatory factor analysis test; the criteria were ranked using the Friedman test and the significance of the research sub-criteria was assessed using the conceptual modeling. The result of the research indicates that by giving importance to the height changes in the index buildings in the first place and giving importance to the opening in the direction of temperature changes and finally paying attention to the stoic forms and defining the spatial territory and paying attention to the soft spaces in the direction of environmental comfort, it becomes possible to reach to the physical dimension, and by a variety of colors and forms in urban furniture and creating attractive buildings to the perceptual and visual dimensions, and finally by drawing activities to the outside space and applying lighting and 24-hour applications to the safety, as well as improving the functional and activity dimensions of the environmental comfort in Khosravi Street in order to change the environmental behaviors of citizens.