Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Apr 2021

Spices and herbs are considered rich sources of powerful antioxidants. Since 2000 years ago, spices and herbs have been utilized as fragrances, colourants, and medicines. Both natural and synthetic antioxidants inhibit or delay oxidation. Due to multiple adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants on human health, there is currently an ever-increasing demand for the natural antioxidants. One of the useful spices, turmeric, with the folk name of Curcuma longa belongs to the ginger family. Turmeric usually grows in tropical regions in India, China, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Antioxidant and medicinal substances are derived from turmeric’s rhizome. Turmeric has been used to treat many diseases due to its wide range of medicinal applications. Turmeric has been used as herbal medicine. It is traditionally used to treat a variety of diseases such as head cold, cough, sinusitis, anorexia, diabetic ulcers, cramps, and liver obstruction of gastric ulcer. Three different types of curcuminoids exist as bioactive compounds in turmeric including curcumin as the main constituent, and dimethoxy curcumin, and bis-dimethoxy curcumin. These compounds differ in the position of the methoxy group. This study aimed at synthesizing and analyzing the curcuminoid using the HPLC technique and related tests. The results obtained from the analysis of the synthetic curcumin were consistent with those for the standard curcumin. The reaction was carried out at relatively milder conditions than earlier reported methods.

Today, the relationship between doctor and pivotal patient role in providing managed services in efficient primary health and medical services was proved. Therefore, this article will pay patients' attitudes about how to communicate with patients in selected hospitals at Qom University of Medical Sciences. This study was descriptive-analytic using a standard questionnaire PDRQ-9 were completed. In this research study, 185 patients in three hospitals, for example, Ayatollah Golpayegani, Vali-Asr and Imam Reza in Qom, were studied. The results demonstrated high patient satisfaction with the quality of their relationships with physicians, obstetrics and gynecology. It is also show that with 78 % satisfaction (P = 0/003) as well as internal medicine physicians with 82 % satisfaction (P = 0/042). Patients with a college education is a significant dissatisfaction in relationship with their doctor (P = 0/001). In contrast, both female and male patients generally had moderate satisfaction with their physician communication a significant interaction between gender and the mean score physician-patient (P = 0/203). The results of this study, patient satisfaction with the medical team of the communication medium is not satisfactory and may be due to ignorance or negligence of medical staff in with the patient. The heart of theoretical and practical clinical skills training programs offered in medical science should be more to it.

According to the world health organization (WHO), approximately one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is at risk of contracting tuberculosis. About 9 million people are infected with active tuberculosis each year, and 3 million die from the disease. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment at the beginning of tuberculosis play an essential role on controlling this disease. Delays in diagnosis and treatment may worsen the disease, increasing the risk of mortality, and transmission within the community. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting the delay in diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis in Qom province, Iran. This work was an observational cross-sectional observational study with available sampling. The findings were analyzed using SPSS software version 24. The results demonstrated that the mean time of diagnosis in Qom province was longer compared with that of the other similar studies. The mean time of delay in referring patients are to medical centers was only significantly related to gender (female) (p = 0.8). Non-Iranian nationality, negative smear, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, body mass index more than 25. Also it was found that, improving the knowledge of health center staff about the diagnosis and increasing the public awareness regarding the symptoms of tuberculosis can play a significant role in reducing the time of diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

Poisonous snake envenomation is a complex neglected health problem implicated in mortality, disability, psychological morbidity, and socio-economic losses recorded worldwide. An antivenin serum, the only medically recommended treatment for snakebites, has several drawbacks including, hypersensitivity, inability to prevent local tissue damage, are scarce and unaffordable in most snakebite endemic areas. In many rural communities all over the world, plants have been utilized for managing snakebites. This review seeks to identify plants reported as antivenom remedies in the East Africa and the scientific studies thereof which could support their use in the treatment of snake envenomation. A review of scientific articles was undertaken to identify information on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used to treat snake envenomation in East Africa and their antivenom efficacy. A total of 361 plant species were retrieved to have been reported as traditional therapies for snakebites in East Africa. The review identified distinct cases of doctrine of signatures and zoopharmacognosy in snakes using Opilia amentacea, Hugonia castaneifolia and Microglossa pyrifolia respectively. Evaluations of the antivenom efficacy of 44 species (12.2%) have been done globally, and most species found to be effective in neutralizing the lethal activities of snake venoms. Ethnomedicinal plants play a revered holistic role in East African antisnake venom therapy. Conyza sumatrensis, Hyptis pectinata, Justicia betonica, and Maesa lanceolata used to treat specific snakebites merit further studies.

Efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and telmisartan combination is used for to treat hypertension treatment and under clinical phase 4 study. It is necessary to develop suitable quality control methods for rapid and accurate determination of these drugs. Three simple, accurate, sensitive, precise and economical UV spectrophotometric methods (A, B &, and C) have been developed for simultaneous estimation of efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and telmisartan in their synthetic mixture. Method (A) is based on the first order derivative spectrophotometric method at zero crossing wavelength. In this method the zero crossing zero-crossing point of efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate is 326 nm and for telmisartan is 272 nm. The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 8-20 μg/ml for efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and 16-40 μg/ml for telmisartan using methanol as a solvent. Method (B) is based on absorbance correction method, method; it was performed at 347 nm for efonidipine hHydrochloride ethanolate and at 296 nm for telmisartan. Method (C) is based on dual wavelength method developed using absorbance difference at 242.5 nm and 257.5 nm for efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and 244.5 nm and 287 nm for telmisartan. The accuracy and precision of the methods were determined assessed and validated statistically. All the methods showed revealed good reproducibility and recovery. The three methods were compared using one way ANOVA. All methods were found to be rapid, specific, precise and accurate and these methods require no preliminary separation and found no interferences from the tablet excipients so it can be used for routine analysis of both drugs in quality control laboratories.

Till now not so many research studies have been conducted on the body’s immune response to COVID-19 infection, and it is not clear whether those who had recovered from the COVID-19 virus may get reinfected again or not. The vulnerable groups include young children and older adults who were at high risk of infected by this pandemic COVID-19. Those who had recovered from these infections also need to maintain and improves their quality of living. However, there is limited evidence regarding the exercise and physical activity that helps to maintain the overall physical functions. Therefore, this current paper was to map out empirical evidence on exercise prescriptions and physical activity for the prevention and managing the spread of COVID-19 infections. The methodological framework by the TIDIER guidelines were utilized to guide the conduct of MEDLINE complete at EBSCOhost, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. All authors extracted data, summarized the exercise prescription into the relevant concept, and reported the results using a chart and writing a narrative synthesis. Most of the 15 sources that were reviewed reported that the combination of aerobic and strengthening exercise with moderate intensity was considered safe to be performed by individuals under COVID-19 recovery. Moderate intensity indicates effects in enhancing the immune system, preventing cardiorespiratory system problems, and improving the cardiometabolic system. From all kinds of exercises, moderate-intensity is strongly suggested undertaken following the TIDIER guidelines. Moderate-intensity exercise was proven to have positive and safe effects that are recommended for COVID-19 survivors. It is recommended to increase the frequency of exercise from 150-300 to 200-400 minutes per week, including strengthening exercises.

This work aimed at discussing the most important measures preventing and protecting individuals against the COVID-19. Found with keywords in the first 2118 articles. After reviewing the title, abstract, and text of the research study, three researchers were excluded from the study due to their duplication or exclusion criteria. Finally, 10 articles were selected. The selection of articles was based on PRISMA Checklist. The main findings of this study included symptom accuracy, hand hygiene, distance from each other, mask application, no nasal touch, eyes and mouth. The most important thing about this disease is prevention and protection. Keeping this in mind can prevent the transfer of COVID-19. Preventive issues are important to all people.The results of this review paper showed that in 75% of the articles, educating other family members is mentioned as one of the most important factors in preventing coronavirus.

Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) is a service that is very useful to detect someone's HIV status early. It is hoped that someone who engages in risky sexual behavior can take advantage of VCT services. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of sex, experiences in obtaining reproductive health information from parents, community, community leaders, access to reproductive health information through social media, participation in organizations, experiences of risk behavior with the intention of VCT in adolescents in Surakarta. This research was conducted with a cross-sectional approach in April 2019. The study population was adolescents aged 15-19 years in five sub-districts in Surakarta, Indonesia (Laweyan, Banjarsari, Serengan, Pasar Kliwon, and Jebres). The number of samples in this study was 450 adolescents who were taken with a quota sampling technique. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square and Fisher exact and multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis. The results showed a relationship between getting reproductive health information from parents (p-value 0.003) and community leaders (p-value 0.027) with the intention of VCT in adolescents. The experience of getting reproductive health information from parents is the most influential factor in the intention of VCT in adolescents (OR = 0.565, CI = 0.385-0.830). Efforts are needed to provide information to adolescents about VCT services to understand that VCT is very important for follow-up care if HIV test results are reactive. Adolescents also need to be given information regarding how to increase self-efficacy to utilize VCT.

Higher education programs need quantitative and qualitative evaluation to improve quality and dynamism. The sensitivity and importance of the role of Ph.D. nursing graduates led the researcher to conduct the present review to examine and identify the problems to achieve the highest goals of nursing from theory to reality. In this review study, various internal and external databases, including Elsevier, pub med, Scopus, SID, magiran, medlib, were used to access internal resources. Published articles were searched in both Persian and English without considering the time and language limitations, and the data were analyzed using meta-analysis. In the initial search with the keywords of nursing doctorate, postgraduate nursing education, higher education in nursing, and their English equivalent, a total of 435 studies were found. The findings were discussed in terms of curriculum-related factors, faculty, students, and faculty policies. Nursing education in Iran needs to be reviewed and reformed based on the current needs of society. Prerequisite for achieving this goal is basic pathology of the course, the examination of gaps and needs in the health system, attention to clinical issues and problems of the health care system, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of different levels of nursing education, and in a higher position, a doctoral degree in nursing has a professional reputation as a nurse.

The practice of using chemical thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, or both to analyze chemical reactions affecting geological systems, usually with the aid of a computer, is geochemical modeling. In high-temperature geochemistry, it is used to simulate reactions occurring deep inside the Earth, in magma, for example, or to model low-temperature reactions near the Earth's surface aqueous solutions. According to the geological structure, the Kudryashovskoye field is multilayer. The placement system is selective in this field. The development of all facilities takes place using a reservoir pressure system. The well stock for drilling (throughout the field) is 42, including 28 producing wells and 14 injection wells. In 2015, 12 wells were planned to be drilled. The paper considers and analyses two options for the development approach. The first option: drilling, is planned in 2019 according to the approved layout of wells. The density of good grids is 10.6 ha/well. The second option: drilling is carried out according to the areal system with a distance of 200-250 m between the wells. The density of the wells is 8.1 ha/well. It is planned to use the technology for simultaneous-separate operation in 19 wells Modelling is carried out using the Petrel software package. After the work is done and comparative analysis, development options are proposed. The second development option is most suitable from the economic point of view and approach.

In most cultures, bread is considered a rich and valuable food source. In bread processing, some bakeries use sodium bicarbonate as baking soda and extra salt and these chemical compounds have harmful effects on public health. The article analysed the state of the Russian bakery products market and the prospects for entering into it a new small bakery in order to occupy a new market niche. Particular attention is paid to the prospects of business development in the context of a possible restructuring of the market model, in connection with the global quarantine situation. A search and analysis of a potential market segment for the implementation of a small baking enterprise was carried out. The article analysed the strategic decisions recommended for small enterprises in the field of bakery production, which can facilitate entry and consolidation in the target market segment, as well as possible ways to expand this market segment. An analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of small and large enterprises of the bakery industry was also carried out to reveal their competitive advantages and weaknesses. Based on this analysis, behavioural models for small bakery enterprises in the market are proposed that will allow them not to enter into direct competition with large bakery producers, which is almost impossible, due to the inability of small businesses to compete effectively with large enterprises for a considerable period of time (commutative behaviour model adapted to the industry in question).

Pain due to dysmenorrhea is often complained of by young women. This situation often affects daily activities, disrupts school activities, work, and social activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the level of dysmenorrhoea pain and its results among young women in Surakarta. This study was a cross-sectional study involving 385 respondents who filled out a questionnaire about demographic data, dysmenorrhea, and its impact on activity. The most age group complaining about dysmenorrhea was 15-19 years old. The most of pain level was moderate pain, as much as 42.1%. Meanwhile, the lightest pain was mild pain, which was felt by 64.4% of respondents. All of the respondents were not married and had no sexual relations. Most body mass index was in the normal category, which is 64.9%. Of the 285 respondents, 79.2% experienced an impact on their activities due to dysmenorrhea. The most menarche age group was 12-14 years, and the most pain duration was 1-3 days. 89.9% have normal duration of menstruation. The results of statistical tests showed that the P-value