Materials Chemistry Horizons
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Sep 2022

In the present article, we have reported a detailed study of the surface modification for magnetite nanoparticles (MNP, Fe3O4) using a natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer. For this purpose, the cellulose was converted to its bromoacetylated derivative (BACell) by reacting with bromoacetyl bromide. Next, the MNPs were functionalized by the reaction of the hydroxyl groups with the methylene bromide of the prepared BACell to form Fe3O4/BACell. Then, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method was developed for the covalent immobilization of the N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) on the Fe3O4/BACell surface to produce the Fe3O4/Cellulose-grafted NVP (Fe3O4/Cell-NVP) as a novel synthetic product. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) indicated the presence of copolymer on the MNPs surface. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results of the Fe3O4/Cell-NVP indicated that there had been an acceptable percentage of the content of polymer chains on the surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Furthermore, the structure and magnetic properties of the Fe3O4/Cell-NVP were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The loading capacity and release profiles of Doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug from the Fe3O4/Cell-NVP were determined by UV–Vis absorption measurement at λmax=483 nm. The results showed that the DOX-loaded nanoparticles had been well controlled during the release period of the DOX. Therefore, it seems that the Fe3O4/Cell-NVP is an appropriate candidate for the controlled and targeted delivery of cancer treatment.

Preferential solvation analysis on experimental solubility data of moxidectin was performed by using Invers Kirkwood-Buff Integrals approach at 298.15 K. Local mole fraction of solvents in solvation shell of moxidectin as well as the extent of preferential solvation by each of solvents were calculated as a function of the bulk mole fraction of binary mixtures of water with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol. Results indicate that preferential solvation of moxidectin by water occurs in water-rich regions. Whereas, beyond water-rich regions, moxidectin was preferentially surrounded by alcohols in all binary mixtures studied.

A new organic/inorganic biosorbent hydrogel consisting in Arabic gum (AG), Polyamidoxime(PAO) and CuFe2O4 was synthesized by grafting copolymerization method. The first step was the preparation of CuFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles by the coprecipitation method. Next, using a crosslinker and a radical initiator, acrylonitrile was grafted onto Arabic gum (AG) in the existence of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles to produce Arabic gum-g-polyacrylonitrile/CuFe2O4 (AG-g-PAN/CuFe2O4 ) nanocomposite hydrogel. In the last step, the acrylonitrile groups in the nanocomposite hydrogel were modified using hydroxylamine hydrochloride to obtain Arabic gum-g- polyamidoxime/CuFe2O4 (AG-g-PAO/CuFe2O4) nanocomposite hydrogel. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy image (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Caron-Hydrogen-Nitrogen (CHN) analysis, zeta potential, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the produced nanocomposite. The adsorption effectiveness of AG-g-PAO/CuFe2O4 for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions was investigated under various experimental settings, including starting Pb(II) concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, and pH. The Langmuir isotherm model accurately categorised the experimental adsorption data, and the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of the produced biosorbent for Pb(II) was determined to be 192.30 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order model suited the adsorption kinetic data well. Additionally, after three consecutive cycles, the AG-g-PAO/CuFe2O4 can be successfully reused without a significant loss in adsorption performance.

These days Ionic liquids (ILs) are getting more attention and catching more eyes based on numerous advantages they can offer, including low volatility, excellent thermal and chemical stability, easy handling, remarkable conductivity, and facile design. These astonishing materials are formed via asymmetric cations and anions. They can mainly be found in a liquid state where temperatures are below 100 °C. Therefore, due to their unique features, they can be considered a perfect and desirable candidate in several fields, including electrochemical biosensors and detecting agents; they can play their roles as electrolytes. These unique features prompted us to present a precise and short review of the different fabrication methods of Ionic liquids. Herein, after a laconic description of ILs, a diverse range of fabrication methods was investigated, and a succinct description was given in each approach. Furthermore, where needed, some clear illustrations were used to boost apprehend. Perspectives, remarks, and challenges of different fabrication methods have been given, respectively.

In this paper, the validity of Stokes-Einstein (SE) equation for estimating the transport properties (e.g. viscosity) of imidazolium-based ionic liquids [Cnmim]Br (n=2,4,5,6) was examined. In order to achieve this goal, the “hole theory” has been utilized for estimating the mean radius of hole. According to the hole theory formalism, the mean radius of hole is related to surface tension. To do so, the Fowler recipe of Kirkwood-Buff (FKB) equation is implemented the calculation of Lennard-Jones's contribution to surface tension of ILs. In the following, assessment of the SE equation is depicted by drawing of  versus . Our test confirms the linearity of diagram and then verifies the validity of the aforementioned approach. The results show that within the imidazolium family, as the cation alkyl chain length increases due to the increased Coulombic forces between the cation and the anion, surface tension decreases.

To study the polarity scale of three deep eutectic solvents (DESs), i.e. choline chloride + glycerol (1:2), choline chloride + ethylene glycol (1:2) and choline chloride + lactic acid (1:2), and their mixtures with water (in the whole mole fraction range), Kamlet-Taft solvent parameters (α, β, and π*), Dimroth-Reichardt’s ET(30) parameter were experimentally measured at constant temperature 298.15±0.1 K. These parameters were obtained based on UV–Vis absorbance of some solvatochromic probes. The spectral changes of these indicators were interpreted in terms of specifc and nonspecifc dye–solvent interactions. The parameter ET(30) was obtained from electronic absorbance of the betaine dye within the mixtures. It was found that the polarity, polarizability and acidity of the co-solvent mixtures decreases by increasing the mole fraction of DESs in the system, while basicity of the media increases with mole fraction of DESs.