نشریه دانش انتظامی خراسان جنوبی
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 45، تابستان 1402)

National identity shows the personality of each nation, which can highlight that nation among other nations. The purpose of this article is to determine the level of attention of primary school textbooks to the category of national identity. The research method is a descriptive type of content analysis. National identity is one of the important pillars of the development of a country and the creation of unity and solidarity of people on a national scale. One of the special tasks of governments in this era is to strengthen the sense of national identity in their citizens for the formation of a single nation. In this way, there are various tools and methods, for example, media, social groups, family and etc.. But one of the best ways to strengthen the sense of patriotism and patriotism in childhood can be achieved through the education system. In fact, one of the missions of the education system in the world and in Iran is to strengthen the social and sociability of students. Therefore, elementary school is one of the important ages for institutionalizing the ideas of national identity in students. The content of different books play a significant role in this, although the mission of this important task is placed on the shoulders of the social studies course, but in other courses, they should be compiled more or less in the same direction. The present article has tried to show how much the content of elementary school textbooks in Iran familiarizes students with the elements and structures of the country's national identity. Therefore, despite reviewing other books, the author's main focus has been on the social studies book. The results of the research show that despite the brief references to the elements and structures of national identity in the elementary school textbooks, it still does not have a systematic and purposeful coherence, or in other words, it is partially in the category of National identity has been discussed and all elements of national identity have not been mentioned. Basically, development, progress, commitment, responsibility in any country is the product of patriotism and belonging to the elements and elements of the national identity of that country, which motivates the citizens of that country. Between personal interests, group interests, party interests, and national interests, they should prioritize the last option, that is, national interests, and since today's students are the future citizens of this land, strengthening the national sense can lead to many positive results for the future of this land

Housing as a shelter has been of particular importance to mankind since the past until now, so over the years, the wide fluctuations in housing prices have caused more pressure on the lives of the people in the society and created a class gap, as well as turning the people of the society to marginalization in the cities. It has been caused by the lack of ability to buy housing by the low-income sections of the society, although inflation has not been ineffective in increasing these fluctuations and has caused fundamental changes in housing prices. Birjand city is one of the cities that has been affected by this phenomenon in recent years. Therefore, the present article, which has an applied nature, has investigated the consequences of rising housing prices and rents on the trend of residential housing in Birjand city with a descriptive-analytical method and the method of collecting information in the form of a library and a survey (questionnaire).The results of the present research in the field of survey of marginalization in the city of Birjand indicate that the main reasons for migration to the outskirts of the city are livelihood issues such as finding a job, low house prices and low cost of living, as well as the issue of marriage. The most serious issues from the residents' point of view. In the outskirts of the city, there are security issues, lack of peace and lack of comfort, unprincipled constructions and lack of physical facilities, which has caused a complex and intertwined set of problems for the residents of these areas, and the simultaneous presence of these issues leads to the aggravation of each of them. On the other hand, considering that the motivation to own a house is one of the serious motivations for migrating to the outskirts of the city (especially among people who migrate from the middle of the city to the outskirts of the city) and more than three quarters of the residents own houses. are themselves, this degree of readiness for relocation or cooperation in the form of aggregation in the form of residential complexes can be significant and planning. Meanwhile, one of the appropriate starting points for starting corrective measures in informal settlements in Birjand is to encourage residents to document their lands and houses. The results of the research in this field show that about one third of the residents do not want to do this. One of the main reasons for residents' reluctance to document their homes is the high cost of obtaining a document, which was mentioned by about 80 percent of residents. Gaining the trust of the residents for any cooperative action to improve the conditions of the outskirts of the city depends on the progress of the trustees of the suburbs. According to the results of the research, the imams of mosque congregations can be the most effective of these people; However, it should not be forgotten that the level of mistrust in the responsible institutions in this field is very high. In this context, about 74% of people believe that the responsible institutions have not done their work properly.

Zirkoh city is one of the vulnerable cities, due to its location on the communication route between Iran and Afghanistan through the border of Yazdan, which may allow the transportation of traditional narcotics through this route. The drug in question will make it easy and potentially expose them to substance abuse; And on the other hand, due to the fact that Zirkoh city is located in the east of the country and has an important communication position, and as it was said before, Iran is a transit passage for the transfer of drugs from eastern countries to Europe, Wazirkoh is also located on one of the main routes. and maybe a huge part of drug trafficking takes place through this transit route, and for this reason, this can be harmful and dangerous for the residents of this city, especially for teenagers and young people, what if the drugs in question are somehow in accessible to people. In fact, the social damage caused by this problem in the studied city is significant and worrying. The studies conducted in this field consider various individual, social and family factors to be effective in the tendency to use drugs. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to investigate the effective factors in the tendency of young people to use drugs in Zirkoh city. The research method is based on a descriptive-analytical method with a survey approach. To answer the questions and test the research hypotheses, three main steps have been considered. In the first stage, library and documentary studies and reference to the studied area were used and finally, the questionnaire was prepared. In the second stage, it includes field work and also visiting the study area to complete the questionnaire. And in the third stage, the analysis of the collected data has been done to test the hypotheses and finally draw conclusions and present the strategy.

Today, one of the socio-economic inadequacies facing the rural society of Iran is the indiscriminate migration and the evacuation of efficient and young workers from the villages. The phenomenon of migration exists in both developed and developing countries. But its type and nature are different in the countries, however, all the evidences indicate that young people are willing to migrate more than other age groups. The present research, which is of an applied type, has investigated the strategies for the sustainability of the young population in the village of Ishaq Abad, Kashmir, with a descriptive-analytical method and through the collection of library materials and a survey (questionnaire). Among the important issues that the villages are facing today is the process of the young and active population leaving the villages, which endangers the stability of human communities. The main issue of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the longevity of the rural youth in the villages. The findings show that the variables of the situation Employment, education, type of job, amount of monthly household income, etc., play an essential role in the longevity of young people in the village. The most important factors that repel young people from rural communities and their tendency to migrate to urban communities are: lack of welfare facilities, Lack of health facilities, lack of educational and cultural facilities, lack of suitable jobs and work problems, lack of means of transportation, etc. In addition to these, creating a negative image of the village and presenting a positive image of the cities weakens the sense of belonging to the village among the youth. And it facilitates and accelerates the process of leaving the village among the young people. Finally, the young people living in the rural areas of Ishaq Abad in Kashmir know the elements such as the availability of welfare facilities, education, services, health-treatment, etc., which can keep the young people in the village. and prevent them from flowing to urban areas.

This research aims to investigate and identify the causes and factors affecting the incidence or severity of road accidents in Birjand, and in line with that, the relationship between road, human, environmental and vehicle variables with the occurrence of accidents and accidents in the mentioned axis is studied. The present research method is a descriptive method with an analytical approach. Descriptive and inferential statistics indicators have been used to analyze the obtained statistical data. Inferential statistics such as Friedman and mean tests were used for field surveys of the questionnaire and in the analytical review of the data obtained from the questionnaire, and the t-test was used to test the significance of the hypotheses and Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the reliability of the questions. This research identified the main cause of accidents in the city of Birjand in the first step, the quality and technical issues of the road, and according to the interviewees, the narrow width of the road, the quality of the road and insufficient signs are the main reasons for the aforementioned accidents. After that, human factors rank They are second, among them, speeding and overtaking, turning left, and unnecessary haste and acceleration are among the human causes of the aforementioned accidents, with the explanation that the two factors of speeding and overtaking, regardless of the groupings, are in the first list. The impact factors of the mentioned axis. The technical and qualitative factors of the car are in the third place and finally the environmental and natural factors are in the fourth category. Also, the hypotheses related to the relationship of the mentioned factors with accidents in the mentioned axis have been proven, except for the environmental factors that The significance of its relationship has not been confirmed.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the quality of work life and the organizational commitment of the employees of Payor police stations and police command posts in Birjand city. The method of descriptive-correlation research and the statistical population includes all employees of Payor police stations and police command posts of Birjand city, numbering 190 people. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula of 50 people who were selected from the population using simple random sampling. In this research, Meyer's organizational commitment questionnaire (1990) and Walton's quality of work life questionnaire (1973) were used, and their reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha method as 0.79 and 0.89, respectively. . The collected data were analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS software. The findings of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship at a significance level of 0.01 between the quality of work life and the organizational commitment of the employees of Payor police stations and police command posts in Birjand city, and the quality of work life is a significant predictor for It is their organizational commitment. Also, the findings of the research indicate the existence of a positive and significant relationship between the quality of work life of the employees of Payor Police Stations and police command posts in Birjand city and each of the dimensions of organizational commitment, i.e. emotional commitment, rational commitment and normative commitment at a significant level. It is 0.01.