Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Winter 2020

Biofertilizers, like amino acids, are used to reduce drought stress damage to plants and improve physiological factors, thereby increasing plant yield in arid and semi-arid regions. Seaweed extract has a beneficial effect on plant growth due to its growth hormones and elements such as iron, copper, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese and nickel, vitamins and amino acids. Current research was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar application of seaweed and amino acids and their interaction on the morphophysiological characteristics of cut flowers of Gerbera cultivar Stanza and determine the relationship between the use of these two substances on the quantity and quality of morphological and physiological characteristics of this plant. This study was done via factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications along 2015 year. The treatments included amino acids (A1: Control, A2: 1, A3: 1.5 and A4: 2 gr.L-1) and seaweed extract (S1: Control, S2: 0.25, S3: 0.5 and S4: 1 gr.L-1). According to the results of the present study, it can be said that amino acid treatment at concentrations of 1.5 and 2 gr.L-1, as a suitable pre-harvest treatment, has the highest production in amount of flower diameter, flowering stem diameter, flowering stem length, anthocyanin, chlorophyll b, carotenoids and leaf greenness. Seaweed extract treatment at concentrations of 0.25 and 1 gr.L-1, as a suitable pre-harvest treatment, had the highest amount of flower diameter, flowering stem diameter, anthocyanin, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and leaf greenness. Also, the simultaneous use of 2 gr.L-1 amino acid along with 1 gr.L-1 seaweed extract, had the highest amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids and leaf greenness and it can be advised to producers. In general, the results of this study indicate that seaweed and amino acid biofertilizers can improve the quantity, quality and post-harvest life of gerbera flowers by increasing nutrient uptake and the presence of plant hormones.

Nitrogen is a basic plant component, playing a decisive role in the intensification of plant production. Bio-fertilizers play a very significant role in improving soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen, both, in association with plant roots and without it, insoluble soil phosphates and produces plant growth substances in the soil. The current study was conducted to investigate the integrated management of biological and chemical fertilizers on seed qualitative traits and crop production of single cross 701 corn under warm and dry climate condition. This research was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications along 2013-2014 year. The main factor included combination nitrogen fertilizer and biologic fertilizer; Nitroxin (a1: 100 Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer, a2: 75% Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer, a3: 50% Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer, a4: 25% Nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer) and Defoliation (b1: non defoliation, b2: Cut lower leaves of the cob, b3: Cut upper leaves of the cob) belonged to sub plot. Assessment analysis of variance showed effect of combination urea and Nitroxin (instead seed lipid content), defoliation and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits was significant at 5% probability level. Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum amount of measured characteristics (instead seed nitrogen content) was noted for 50% nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer × non defoliation and the lowest ones belonged to 25% nitrogen fertilizer × 100% biofertilizer × cut upper leaves of the cob. According to the results, it seems that biological fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizers provide increased access to food and increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of grain and increase the amount of nutrients in the seed. Also defoliation had great effect on nutrient content. Defoliation the upper leaves of the cob increases the amount of these elements but reduces the economic performance of the single-cross 701 hybrid.

Fertilizer management plays an important role for obtaining satisfactory yields and to increase crop productivity. Improve saving water in irrigated agriculture and thereby improving water use efficiency is of paramount importance in water-scarce regions.
This study was conducted to assessment effect of different levels of irrigation regime, nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost and on seed yield, its components and chlorophyll traits of corn.
This research was carried out to via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2015 year. The main factor included three level of irrigation regime (Ir1: 60mm evaporation Pan Class A, Ir1: 90mm evaporation Pan Class A, Ir1: 120mm evaporation Pan Class A) and sub factor consisted three level of fertilizer (N1: 100% Urea fertilizer, N2: 50% urea fertilizer + 50% vermicompost, N3: 100% vermicompost).
Result of analysis of variance indicated effect of irrigation regime and nutrition on all studied traits (instead harvest index) was significant, but interaction effect of treatments was not significant. Mean comparison result of different level of irrigation regime revealed that maximum amount of studied traits was noted for Ir1 and minimum of those belonged to Ir3 treatment. Also as for Duncan classification made with respect to different level of nutrition maximum and minimum amount of studied traits belonged to N2 and N1 treatment.
Finally according result of current research Ir1 treatment (60mm evaporation Pan Class A) with apply N2 treatment (50% urea fertilizer + 50% vermicompost) had the highest amount of studied traits and it can be advice to producers in studied region.

Among the environmental stresses soil salinity is a widespread environmental problem that has been found to affect more than 77 million hectares or 5% of the cultivable land of the universe. Potassium has a positive role in plant growth under saline conditions, because this element plays an essential role in photosynthesis, osmo regulatory adaptations of plant to water stress. Current research was carried out to evaluate effect of different level of potassium and salinity stress on quantitative and qualitative traits of Mung bean. This study was conducted according factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications along 2015 year. The treatments included potassium fertilizer (0, 100 and 200 kg.ha-1) from sulphate potassium source and four level of salinity (0, 2, 4 and 6 ds.m-1). Result of analysis of variance showed effect of different level of salinity stress and potassium fertilizer on all studied traits were significant. Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum amount of seed and biologic yield (15.20 and 39.40 gr.plant-1) was noted for control and 200 kg.ha-1 potassium fertilizer and lowest ones (6.86 and 24.60 gr.plant-1) belonged to 6 ds.m-1 salinity stress and control treatment. Increasing salinity level led to decrease measured traits (instead proline concentration) but increasing potassium fertilizer level led to improve seed yield and its components. Application the treatment of 4 ds.m-1 and 100 kg.ha-1 potassium fertilizer was able to prevent the reduction of Mung bean crop production, which was not significantly different from the treatment of 200 kg.ha-1.

Bio-fertilizers are best eco-friendly approach for plant and soil environment. Also, micronutrient element such as iron plays a key role in the formation of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.
This study evaluated the effect of growth bacteria and Nano iron fertilizer and ordinary iron fertilizer on some physiological properties of Triticale.
The experiment was conducted as 4×6 factorial in RCBD design with three replications at two years (2016-2017). Treatments included: Use of plant growth-promoting bacteria in four levels (Non-inoculation, inoculation with Azotobacter crocococcus, Azospirillium methylpofrome and Pseudomonas putida) and nano iron fertilizer in five levels (0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%) and ordinary iron fertilizer on two levels (2% and 0%). According to results it was founded that application of Azotobacter crocococcus, Pseudomonas putida and Azospirillium methylpofrome led to15, 13 and 17% the increase of seed yield by the compare to control. In relation to Nano-Fe fertilizer, it was observed that 1% Nano-Fe fertilizer showed highest seed yield.
The results of means comparisons for bacterial treatment showed that the highest leaf area index was related to Azotobacter treatment and the lowest amount was related to control treatment. Regarding the crop growth rate index, the results of the data analysis indicated that bacterial treatment and treatment of iron were significant at 1% level, but the interaction treatment was not significant.
Between three tested bacteria, the Azotobacter highest effects on LAI, CGR and HI, so, we propose application of nano-Fe fertilizer and plant growth-promoting bacteria together for the improving Triticale yield in Iran and similar regions.

Fertilizer management plays an important role to achieve sustainable agriculture. Current study was conducted to assess response of agrophysiological traits of wheat to apply different level of fertilizer and biologic fertilizer (Phosphorus and Nitrogen). This research was carried out via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2016 year. The treatments included phosphorus fertilizer (p < sub>1: 100% Triple superphosphate fertilizer, p < sub>2: 70% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2, p < sub>3: 40% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2, p < sub>4: 100% Barvar 2) and nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 100% urea fertilizer, N2: 70% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter, N3: 40% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter). According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of phosphorus, nitrogen fertilizer and interaction effect of treatments on all studied traits (instead harvest index) were significant. Evaluation mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits revealed the highest amount of seed yield (6740.13 kg.ha-1), 1000-Seed weight (41.33 gr), biologic yield (16061.37 kg.ha-1), number of seed per spike (42.50) and number of spike per square meter (383.72) were noted for N2p < sub>2 (70% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2 and 70% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter) and lowest amount of mentioned traits belonged to N1p < sub>1 (100% urea fertilizer round and 100% Triple superphosphate fertilizer treatment). Generally the results of this experiment showed that different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus were effective on seed yield and its components. Finally based on result of this research use 70% Triple superphosphate fertilizer + Barvar 2 and 70% urea fertilizer + Azotobacter improve crop production of bread wheat and can be advised to farmers.