Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Winter 2018

In order to investigate the effect of sugarcane compost on consumption of nitrogenous fertilizers in corn fields, a research project was conducted according split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications along 2015 year. The main plot included different chemical nitrogenous fertilizer (Zero; control, 60 and 120 kg.ha-1 pure nitrogen from urea source). Biological nitrogenous fertilizers in three levels (Azotobacter, Nitrokara and non-application of biofertilizer) belonged to sub plots. The results of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of different levels of nitrogenous chemical fertilizer on plant height, leaf area index and total dry matter were significant at 1% probability level. But the differences were not significant for crop growth rate and net assimilation rate. The effect of different levels of biological nitrogenous fertilizers in all traits was significant at 1% probability level. The interaction effect of treatments on leaf area index at the stage of silk emergence was only significant at 5% probability level and was not significant difference for other traits. According the mean comparison result of chemical fertilizer the maximum and minimum values of the studied traits were observed in terms of consumption of 120 kg.ha-1 of urea and non-application of chemical fertilizer (control). Among different levels of biological fertilizer, the maximum and minimum amount were observed in traits of application of Nitrokara and without biological fertilizer treatment. In general, the results of the current experiment indicated that the use of chemical nitrogenous fertilizer and biological fertilizers in field with sugarcane compost had a positive effect on all studied traits and the best situation was obtained in 120 kg.ha-1 through chemical fertilizer and simultaneous use of Nitrokara fertilizers which could be of interest to researchers and farmers.

Current study was carried out to assessment the effects of zeolite on seed yield, physiological and biochemical traits of sorghum in response to different irrigation regime according split plot arrangement based on complete randomized block design with three replications in Varamin region (Central of Iran). The main plots consisted of different irrigation regime at four levels [Normal irrigation (I1), cut irrigation in vegetation stage (I2), cut irrigation in flowering stage (I3), cut irrigation in grain filling stage (I4)]. Zeolite in three levels [nonuse zeolite or control (Z1), 6 t.ha-1 (Z2) and 12 t.ha-1 zeolite (Z3)] belonged to subplots. Results of analysis of variance indicated that the interaction effects of different irrigation regime and zeolite application on all measured traits were significant at 1% probability level. According result of mean comparison of interaction effect of treatments the maximum of seed yield (4270.333 kg.ha-1) was obtained for normal irrigation with use 12 t.ha-1 zeolite and minimum of that (1601.000 kg.ha-1) was for cut irrigation in grain filling stage with nonuse zeolite. Proline content increased as the amount of water deficiency and has a direct relationship with extinction coefficient, so the highest proline content and extinction coefficient were assigned of cut irrigation in vegetative stage with nonuse zeolite treatment. The maximum amount of HCN and Tannin (346.70 mgr.gr-1, 48.867 mg.gr-1) were achieved at cut irrigation in grain filling stage with nonuse zeolite. According to the obtained results it seems that assimilate has an effective role in the production of total biomass and seed yield in the period before and after flowering. The zeolite application 6 t.ha-1 could be achieved acceptable LAI better than other treatments.

In order to assessment the effect of micro and macro nutrients on agro physiological traits of oat crop a research was conducted via split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Agricultural Research Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, along 2013-2014. The main factor included different complex of macro and micro nutrient elements at two level [F1: application 114 kg.ha-1 nitrogen from 46% source of urea, application 16.8 kg.ha-1 phosphorus from the source of super phosphate, 29.1 kg.ha-1 potassium from the source of potassium sulfate; F2: application of macro elements (N, P, K) along with a mixture of micro elements contain 0.8 kg.ha-1 iron, 0.88 kg.ha-1 zinc, molybdenum 0.1 kg.ha-1, copper 0.2 kg.ha-1, boron 0.1 kg.ha-1 and manganese 2.0 kg.ha-1]. Sub-factor consisted of four genotypes (G1, G2, G3 and G4) of oat crop. According result of analysis of variance effect of different fertilizer management, genotypes and interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead ash concentration) was significant at 1% probability level. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments showed maximum amount of all measured traits (instead ash concentration) concentration was noted for F2G3 and lowest one belonged to F1G2 treatment, it could be concluded F2G3 treatment has positive effect on all the characteristics under study and increases the seed yield.

This research was carried out to determine effect of sorghum cultivars and copper foliar spray on physiological traits under saline water situation via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications during 2015 and 2016 year. The main plot consisted sorghum cultivars at three level (Kimia, KGS10, KGS4) and Copper foliar spray (C1: 0 or control, C2: 0.20, C3: 0.30 and C4: 0.40 kg Cu ha-1) by source of CuSO4 at stem elongation stage (55 days after planting date) belonged to sub plot. Result of combined analysis of variance revealed effect of different sorghum cultivar, Cu foliar application and interaction effect of treatment on all measured traits was significant at 1% probability level. Foliar application of copper had effective role on salt tolerant and physiological parameters of the studied sorghum cultivars were significantly affected by the exposure to well water and copper. The cultivar Kimia was observed as more salt tolerant and cultivar KGS4 was more salt sensitive on the basis of starch, amylose and amylopectin rates. Cultivar Kimia was also observed to produce high rates of amylose and amylopectin compared with the other cultivars. Results of this experiment showed that effect of copper on physiological contents is a useful tool for measuring the salt tolerance among sorghum cultivars to identify possible donors for future sorghum quality enhancement and breeding and be useful to the local sorghum growing farmers under salt stress. According to result of current research Kimia cultivar with foliar application of 0.4 kg Cu ha-1 it can suggested to farmers to decrease negative effect of salinity situation.

Bio-fortification of food crops is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to decrease malnutrition arising from micronutrients deficiencies. Accordingly, the pot experiments have been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of various foliar-applied iron (Fe) fertilizers in increasing agro-morphological traits and grain micronutrients concentrations of bread wheat plants under different nitrogen (N) nutrition regimes via factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications at Maragheh University during 2014-15 growing seasons. The Fe fertilizers treatment included: non application Fe, FeSO4, and Fe EDTA. The applied Fe foliar sprayed with the rate of 0.25% (w/v) at the stem elongation and early milk stages. The rates of soil-applied N consisted: low (100 mg N kg-1 soil), medium (200 mg N kg-1 soil) and high (400 mg N kg-1 soil) until full maturity under greenhouse conditions. Analysis of variance revealed that agro-morphological traits and grain micronutrient concentrations significantly differed among Fe treatments, and significant interactions existed between Fe and N treatment on harvest index and grain Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations. Application of various foliar Fe fertilizers had either a high positive effect on agro-morphological traits or remained effective on grain Fe concentration. Also, the effect of FeSO4 on all characteristics studied was higher than that of FeEDTA. The results showed that the increasing soil application of N significantly enhanced grain Zn concentrations and decreased grain Cu concentrations of wheat. Generally, application of N and Fe fertilizers represents an important agronomic practice in increasing agronomic traits and grain micronutrients such as Fe and Zn. Therefore, the plant N status deserves special attention in bio-fortification of food crops with Fe.

Current research was conducted during 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons to assessment the anatomy of the flag leaf and yield of rice in the Khuzestan province according split plot experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plot included different sowing dates at three levels (5 May, 26 May and 16 June). Hoveizeh, Hamar (Heat tolerance), Ghermez Anbori, Champa (Heat sensitive) and Danial (Relatively heat tolerant) cultivars at five levels were belonged to sub-plots. The results of combined analyses showed that was a significant different in planting date by variety interaction in all of trades. On the other hand, the related temperature condition, varieties had different reaction. Given that metabolic energy is needed to transfer sugar in this path, reduction of phloem cell surface can predispose the material preservation and shortening the transfer path by reducing the rate of respiration and transfer intervals. In the other hand, size of phloem depends on the size of source and reservoir and their relationships. Highest and lowest levels of large vascular bundles were related to 2nd and 1st planting dates; but highest and lowest levels of small vascular bundles, xylem and phloem obtained in 2nd and 1st planting dates respectively.