International Journal of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Science
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2016

As a concept related to several scientific fields such as accounting, economics, finance and law,  corporate governance motivates the individual and accumulative goals and reinforces the effective application of the resources and necessitates the responsiveness to the other stakeholders. Furthermore, implementing corporate governance might lead to the optimum allocation of the resources and enhancement of the information transparency and economic growth. This study investigates the impact of some corporate governance mechanisms on the firm value by comparing the value and usage of the cash holdings with the weak and strong corporate governance systems. The employed corporate governance mechanisms in this study are composed of the institutional ownership of the stocks, ownership concentration and CEO duality. To measure the firm value in terms of the value of the cash holding, the difference between the annual stock returns and the return of the three factor Fama-French model has been employed. The sample is composed of 102 listed firms on the Tehran Stock Exchange during a period from 2005 to 2009. Multivariate regression and Pearson correlation coefficients are used to test the research hypotheses. The findings reveal that the concentration of the institutional ownership and CEO duality are significantly and directly associated with the firm value.

Media messages are endemic in our society through exposure to television and radio, movies, outdoor and point of sale advertising, via newspapers and magazines, on the internet and through books, brochures and posters. News media rely on willing participants, such as police sources, to produce crime stories in an efficient and cost-effective manner. News organizations have offices at police headquarters so reporters are near police sources.This convenient location exposes reporters to official knowledge of crime, selecting a variety of potentially newsworthy crimes from what is known to the police. News media can hold the police accountable to the public by critically evaluating current responses to crime, promoting alternatives, and informing the public. News organizations are in a strategic position to educate the public about the effectiveness of police responses to crime because the public uses media sources to develop opinions about crime.

Marital satisfaction is the objective feeling of satisfaction and pleasure from spouse, considering all aspects of marriage. Religious attitude is known as one of the factors that can be associated with marital satisfaction because the religion is guidelines for life and a system of beliefs and values, which can affect marriage. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between religious attitudes and marital satisfaction. This research is an analytic-descriptive correlation study. The study samples were 150 married personnel of departments of education in 2012 in Rasht city, and in order to investigate the validity of the study, all individuals were tested. Finally, 139 patients (74 female, 64 male) completed their questionnaires thoroughly, which were analyzed. In order to collect data, Religious Attitude Questionnaire with 96 % reliability coefficient and Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire with 70 % reliability were used. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between marital satisfaction and religious attitudes and the results of linear regression analysis, using Enter method, Indicated that religious attitudes explains 10% of the variance in marital satisfaction. Other findings showed that there is not a significant difference between gender and marital satisfaction, and religious attitudes.

In this essay “Feridun” as one of the ancient Pishdadian kings whose life and fate has been mentioned in Pahlavi and Zarathustra-language books is comprehensively analyzed based on different aspects like his children, ethics, personality traits, fame summarizing dominant conceptions of Shah-name and his activities within it.

The description of nature and it beauties within the poetry of Manuchri Damghani, the poet of early 5th century A.H has got a special status. These young poet and portrait painter had fluent knowledge of Arabic literature in addition to fluency in description of beautiful aspects of nature manifesting his expertise in music and painting being influenced by poets like Abu-Noas and Amro-Alghis. In this essay it has been attempted to show the features of Manucheri based on content and method of expression in addition to showing the basis of his thought, attitude and his special way of expression namely “What he says and how he says it. Within this essay, Mosmat poetical framework is regarded one of the main elements of Manuchehri poetry and one of his innovations.

The wide-spread use of online social networking sites has sparked many psychological issues and research around the globe. A unique phenomenon has come into existence in which people rely on Facebook to satisfy their attachment need. It is one of the very innately psychological needs that presents throughout a life span. The present study investigated the interaction between attachment style and social networking site use. The result showed that attachment style contributed significantly to the level of social media use. It also pointed out that the attachment style distinguished significantly between active and non-active users. Future research and implications of the study were discussed.

Recently, developing business plan is one of useful tools for achieving goals of organizations and familiarizing managers with strategies. The universities employ business plan in order to attract more students, or allocating resources efficiently. It is in regard to increasing student’s tendency to academic education and competitive market. This is the first study that attempted to develop a business plan for one of Islamic Azad Universities. These are the key innovation in this research: Applying business plan software for developing target ways to achieve university objectives,Time series technique for forecasting. One of the most important objective s of the research is based on following and identifying opportunities and resources that creating values. It also can be considered as a platform for programming and managing the strategies of Islamic Azad University Neyshabur-Branch. The major outcome outcomes of this research including: Developing a plan balancing between goals and available resources. Investigating the overall goals, identifying the values and vision. Investigating and recognizing SWOT in business area of Islamic Azad University Neyshabur-Branch. Investigating and establishing profitability guidelines for the university.

The present study was conducted to investigate relationship between leadership style of Consultative, leadership style of Participative and organizational citizenship behavior. Statistical population of this research is employees of Ahromsazeh Company in Mashhad city which 103 samples were selected randomly. In order to analyze data, we used Lisrel software. The results showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between leadership style of Consultative, leadership style of Participative and organizational citizenship behavior.

Urban tourism is tourism that takes place in towns and cities where the historic heritage is not the main attraction, even though the settlement may have some buildings pre-dating the industrial revolution. Urban tourism includes a wide range of activities and experiences from sightseeing, visit ing cultural attractions (e.g. art galleries, concerts, opera, shows, museums etc), attending special events, leisure shopping, eating out and drinking, meeting people (e.g. friends and relatives), dancing and so on. Different visitors will select different combinations of these activities. Business tourism is another equally important element of urban tourism. These activities are mainly based on manmade resources, facilities that are used for recreation by urban residents as well tourists. Because of this difficulty of separating leisure use from tourist use, there has been relatively little research on urban tourism, although much policy and planning effort has been put into promoting and developing urban tourism in recent years. This has been because many urban planners and politicians have perceived the development of tourism to be a mechanism for the regeneration of declining inner city areas. Both cultural policy and tourism development (with its associated job creation potential) have been used as tools to solve some of these urban development problems. So, once again, tourism policy must be seen in the context of other social and economic problems and policies. This chapter will start by identifying the urban tourist (as far as current research allows) and their motivation and behavior. The paper discusses the spatial location of that tourist activity (as it differs from the tourist-historic city). This will be put in the context of patterns of urban change since 1990; the impacts of tourism and the policies for urban tourism will also be described.

This paper, first, briefly explained the usage of method in urban design process .then, configurative specifications of Mashhad's -one of the oldest and religious city of Iran-  spaces are analyzed by space syntax methodology during three historical stages of its development (first stage, mashhad within the defensive wall limit; second stage, development of the city beyond defensive wall and construction of market, and the third stage, after street forming in 1940s), and the following results are to be used in the process of urban design. The urban spaces have shaped based on the structural logic. Manipulating or Intervening in space syntax method transforms the spatial structure of city. The analysis of urban space configuration, by using the “space syntax method”, enables the skillful society of urban designers to make the model which can predict the behavior in urban spaces.