International Journal of Biomedicine and Public Health
Volume:1 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

Child abuse is a deliberate act of violence against children under the age of 18 years. One of its major complications is the aggression of children and, as a result, an increase in crime in society and a reduction in the success and quality of life in children. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between child abuse and aggression in primary school students in Sanandaj City-Iran. In this cross sectional study, the population included 381 primary school students (10-12 years old) living in Sanandaj. Samples were selected through multistage cluster sampling. Eysenck Aggression Questionnaire and the Majdzadeh Child Abuse Questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software with Chi-square test for statistical analysis. Of the 381 students, 171 (44.9%) were male and 210 (55.1%) were female. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference between aggression with gender (P=0.01) and grade (P=0.036). There was also a significant relationship between child abuse and father's education (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between aggression and different types of child abuse (psychological, emotional, physical and neglect) (P<0.05). Considering the increasing prevalence of child abuse and its direct relationship with aggression in children, proper planning to reduce this social problem, it seems necessary to conduct educational classes for parents and teach them the proper way of communication with children.

Fungi broadly exist in the environment. Growing interest for natural and safe additives as well as concerns about synthetic fungicide have led to development of various fungicides. This study aimed to examine the effect of walnut thin shell ethanolic extract on the growth of Penicillium species. Antifungal effects were assessed at four different concentrations ranging from 5 to 350 mg/ml. The extract dilutions were exposed to the desired fungi using the broth dilution method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of fungi were determined and compared with the effects of nystatin and fluconazole. The MIC for Penicillium italicum was 15 mg/ml for both walnut thin shell and fluconazole whereas it was 30 mg/ml for nystatin. Moreover, the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for walnut thin shell, fluconazole and nystatin were 250, 30 and 60 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC for Penicillium expansum was 30 mg/ml for both walnut thin shell and fluconazole while it was 40 mg/ml for nystatin. The results also revealed that the MFC for these inhibitors was 300, 40 and 70 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the MIC for Penicillium digitatum forboth the shell walnut extract and nystatin was 40 mg/ml while it was 20 mg/ml for fluconazole. The MFC for walnut thin shell, fluconazole and nystatin were 325, 100 and 70 mg/ml, respectively. Thin walnut shell extract has significant antifungal effects on Penicillium species and could be used as a natural antifungal. More research is required to assess the use of the extract for treatment of fungal infections.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between nutritional knowledge and practice with nutrition counseling and education in adult athletes in Ahvaz, 2017 In this cross-sectional study, 550 male and female athletes were randomly selected from 4 regions in Ahvaz, Iran. A questionnaire, including demographic information, sport information sources, nutritional knowledge and practice level, was filled by athletes. Chi-square and Pearson tests were used to examine the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. Independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the mean differences between two or several groups, respectively. Of the 11.8% of athletes who received nutrition counseling, 43.2% actively obtained nutritional information, including the contribution of coach (19.2%), internet (12%), nutritionists (9.2%), and family 3.8%. The mean score for knowledge and nutritional practice were 29.5 ± 5.36 and 10.69 ± 2.04 in men and 29.65 ± 3.96 and 10.95 ± 1.8, in women respectively. The mean score for knowledge and practice were significantly higher in subjects who received nutrition counseling (p <0.001). The highest score for knowledge and practice were reported among bodybuilders. There was a direct and positive correlation between nutrition knowledge (P = 0.01, correlation coefficient = 0.1) and nutritional practice (P = 0.003, correlation coefficient = 0.12) and educational level. The knowledge level and practice increased positively with increase in age (p = 0.001, correlation coefficient = 0.15). The findings of this study suggest that the knowledge and practice of athletes may be increased through providing appropriate nutritional counseling and increasing of the education level.

 Beta thalassemia minor (BTM) is a hypochromic and microcytic anemia that is determined by reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). The important screening methods for this disease are lack of patient recovery after 2 months of iron therapy and increased Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2). In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of MCH and MCV for diagnosis of BTM. This cross-sectional study was performed among patients with BTM. CBC samples were taken and hematological parameters were measured. Two months of iron therapy and measurement of HbA2 were carried out for definitive diagnosis of beta-thalassemia. After definitive diagnosis, the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for MCV and MCH were calculated. To investigate the relationship between HbA2 and hematological parameters (MCV and MCH), the linear regression test was performed using the SPSS18 software. From 300 patients, 154 (51.3%) were men and 146 (48.7%) women. According to the results, the highest sensitivity was associated with MCH with 90% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed the negative correlation -0.53 and -0.51 between HbA2 and MCV, and MCH, respectively. According to the results, using parameters like MCH are more appropriate than time consuming and expensive HbA2 measurements for diagnosis of BTM. However, none of the aforementioned parameters showed 100% specificity and sensitivity.

Existence of appropriate organizational culture can pave the way for achievement of success at universities of medical sciences, which play important roles in health promotion of communities. This study aims to investigate organizational culture status in staff of the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences based on Denison Model. This cross sectional study was conducted on 276 university staff at the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016 based on cluster sampling method. Research variables included four organizational culture domains namely involvement, consistency, adaptability, and mission culture. Data was collected by Denison's 60-item organizational culture questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was used to determine reliability of the questionnaire which was 0.96. In this study, the mean age and job experience of participants were 39.79±7.57 and 15.60±7.59 years respectively. The highest mean score was obtained in adaptability culture, but the lowest mean score was in mission culture. Mean score of organizational culture was 2.93±0.62, which was medium (normal). There was a significant relationship between organizational culture and staff's educational levels (p <0.05). According to research results, organizational culture was at medium level in staff of the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, but the mean score for mission culture was low and therefore, needed intervention. Furthermore, holding training workshops with the emphasis on explaining the importance of organizational culture for the staff can help improve their organizational culture.

A healthy community is the basis of development of each country and one way to achieve this goal is proper nutrition, and consequently it is essential to provide the society with the necessary information about food products. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the attitudes, practices, and views of consumers on food labels in Bandar Abbas in 2017. This was a cross-sectional study. The city of Bandar Abbas divided into five districts, and then 200 people from food stores were randomly selected by cluster sampling. The instrument used was a researcher-made 5-part questionnaire including demographic status, attitude, practices, views on the content of the labels, and the barriers to using the food labels. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software. The results showed that the mean age of participants was 31 ± 10.28 years. About 51% of the samples were women. 58% of the participants were married and 46% had university degrees. 46% were self-employed. Gender had a significant relationship with the variable of the barriers to using labels (p <0.05). Additionally, there was a significant relationship between the level of education of people and attitudes, practices, and views of participants regarding food labels and barriers to checking labels (p <0.05). The most attention the labels draw, is for checking the production and the expiration date. There are many barriers in relation to the information on food labels. Thus, given the high impact of food labels on choosing healthy food by consumers, food industry owners need to take action to remove barriers to labels.