مجله تحقیقات سلامت در جامعه
سال نهم شماره 3 (پاییز 1402)

Obesity has become a global problem that can affect the mechanism of running in obese people. Abnormal running pattern can lead to skeletal-muscular disorders and subsequently a decrease in the absorption of shocks due to physical activity, an increase in knee and back pain, an increase in the joints’ instability, a reduction in the time to reach the peak of ground reaction forces, and an increase in the peak of ground reaction forces. On the other hand, a change and disorder in the aforementioned components can lead to an increase in loading rate, micro fractures of the tibia bone, patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome, plantar fascia, and other soft tissue injuries. Considering the importance of running mechanics in obese people and the lack of sufficient studies in this field, it is necessary to evaluate this issue scientifically. Therefore, all those interested in the field of biomechanics are suggested to conduct studies in this area.

Musculoskeletal disorders are currently among the most common occupational diseases in the healthcare system. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among employees of Shahid Shukri Dental Hospital using ROSA and RULA methods.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Shahid Shukri Dental Hospital in 2022. The sample size was considered a census of all employees. Fifty-five computer users and 42 dentists were included in the study. Data were collected by two posture assessment methods, RULA and ROSA. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) and with the help of descriptive statistics and statistical t-test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression.

Based on the scores obtained from the ROSA method, the risk of musculoskeletal disorders was in the warning zone, and according to the RULA method, all the employees’ postures were at the priority levels of 2 and 3 of corrective measures. In addition, more work experience and high number of working hours per day were effective factors in the occurrence of symptoms in the neck and wrist/hand areas.

Findings of the present study revealed that the current conditions in Shahid Shukri Dental Hospital are not suitable, and changes and improvements of conditions and workstations are required. To reduce and prevent the spread of musculoskeletal disorders, it is recommended to eliminate deficiencies through designing and implementing an educational intervention program combined with engineering interventions.

Exposure to secondhand smoke facilitates the occurrence of heart diseases, cancer, and other diseases. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and related factors among high school students in Zahedan, Iran, in 2022.

In this cross-sectional study in 2022, 640 high school students in Zahedan were selected via a multi-stage random sampling method. A checklist adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection. All checklists were collected in person and through interviews. All data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using chi-square, independent t-test, and logistic regression tests at a significance level of 0.05.

In this study, a total of 640 students with a mean age of 17.00 ± 0.77 years were examined, 45.2% of whom were boys. Moreover, 58.4% of the studied students were exposed to secondhand smoke. Gender, type of school, type of house, place of residence, and the presence of respiratory disease were not related to secondhand smoke exposure. Cases exposed to secondhand smoke were significantly higher among students living on city outskirts and Baloch ethnicity (P<0.05). Based on the Multiple logistic regression model, the most important predictors of secondhand smoke exposure were parental smoking history and mother's illiteracy (P<0.05).

As evidenced by the obtained results, the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in teenagers of Zahedan is relatively high, and it seems that the level of literacy and economic status are involved in the prevalence of exposure.

Despite the importance of the role of healthcare workers in the formation of health behaviors in society, job burnout is high in the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and conflict in these jobs. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of communication skills training on the burnout of healthcare workers in comprehensive health centers in Sanandaj, Iran.

This experimental study was performed in 2018 in Sanandaj, west of Iran. A total of 132 people were selected by simple random sampling and divided into an intervention group (n=66 people) and a control group (n=66 people). Data collection tool included demographic characteristics and a 25-question job burnout questionnaire. The training in the intervention group was conducted in 10 one and a half hour sessions (two sessions per week) in the form of lectures, pamphlets, and group discussions with the content of improving communication skills. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and correlation, paired t-test, independent t, and ANOVA tests.

A total of 66 people (57 women and 9 men) with an average age of 36.85 ± 7.85 years in the test group and 66 people (11 men and 55 women) with an average age of 36.95 ± 7.3 in the control group from healthcare workers participated in this study. Before the training, the intervention group and the control group were similar in terms of demographic characteristics (age, level of education, marital status, and employment status) and burnout dimension scores (P>0.5). However, three months after the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of the scores of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, conflict and personal performance in the intervention group increased significantly (P<0.05).

Based on the findings of the present study, communication skills training effectively reduced job burnout in the three dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and conflict and increased the personal performance of healthcare workers.

The house fly, Musca domestia L., is one of the most common health pests around the world, and its control is important due to the transmission of human pathogens, especially in unfavorable health conditions. Considering that plant essential oils are appropriate alternative to organic chemical insecticides, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the essential oils of eucalyptus and yarrow in controlling the house flies.

The essential oils of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and eucalyptus (Eucapyptus glbulus) were extracted using a distillation apparatus. Concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the essential oils were prepared separately. Male and female house flies aged 2-3 days were exposed separately to the essential oils using spraying, treated surface, and bait methods. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and probit analysis in SPSS 24 software.

The obtained findings showed that spraying yarrow and eucalyptus essential oils had better efficacy against the house fly with LC50 values of 9.8% and 10.8% and LC90 values of 25.1% and 29.8%, respectively, compared to the treated surface and bait methods.

The essential oils of eucalyptus and yarrow plants have potential to control the house flies in human dwellings due to their lethal properties and high safety. However, to use these essential oils as insecticidal compounds for house fly control, more research under field conditions is needed.

In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), quality of life and functional capacity decline. In CAD patients, studies have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to conventional moderate to-high intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving functional capacity. Mental health is as important as physical health, but few studies have examined the effects of HIIT on quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with short intervals and inactive recovery on cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in cardiac patients after angioplasty.

This study is a randomized clinical trial (RCT). twenty-four available male patients with hypertension and CAD after angioplasty were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 12 subjects, including an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group performed a HIIT protocol with short intervals and inactive recovery for eight weeks, with three sessions per week (30 seconds of activity and 30 seconds of rest), while the control group received no treatment. Research instruments, including the Storer-Davis test, the Bruce test, and the SF-36 questionnaire, were administered to patients in the two groups before and after the test. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and  T-test for paired samples.

After 8 weeks of HIIT with short intervals and inactive recovery, the results of the study indicate a significant increase in VO2peak (P=0.002) and improvement in all areas of patients’ quality of life (P ≤ 0.05).

The results indicate that HIIT with short intervals and inactive recovery has the potential to improve VO2peak and all domains of quality of life in cardiac patients after PCI.

Paying attention to students' growth and academic progress and the related affecting factors are among the necessary strategies to improve education. Students' social health can increase their performance in various fields, including academic motivation and academic progress. Therefore, this study was designed and implemented to investigate the role of social health in the motivation and academic progress of students at Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.

The present study was descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional. The study samples (n=260) were the students of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tools included a demographic characteristics form, the Social Health Questionnaire, the Academic Motivation Questionnaire, and the overall grade point average as a measure of academic progress. Data were analyzed at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS 26 statistical software.

The results of the study showed that in general,  there was no significant correlation between social health and grade point average (academic progress) (P<0.05). It was also found that academic motivation and its components had no significant correlation with academic progress (P<0.05), except for the lack of motivation, which had a significant positive correlation with age and a significant negative correlation with academic achievement (P<0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between social health and academic motivation (r=0.457, P<0.001).

Based on the results, students considered the presence and participation in social groups, as well as their desire and motivation to attend university, independent of academic progress. According to these students, establishing social relationships and interacting with others was the motivation for attending university.

The coronavirus pandemic has become a source of concern for healthcare providers, particularly nurses. As a result of the coronavirus pandemic, the workload of nurses has increased, resulting in work-family conflict, reduced resilience, and ultimately the resignation of nurses. The present study aimed to determine the levels of work-family conflict, resignation, and resilience among nurses.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 with a sample of 90 nurses working in a military hospital in Birjand, Iran. The nurses were selected based on census data and inclusion criteria. The data collection tools included the demographic information questionnaire, Carlson work-family conflict questionnaire, Kim's resignation and Connor-Davidson resilience questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 21) and mean, standard deviation, relative and absolute frequency distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman correlation tests.

More than half of the participants were male (53.3%), and the majority were married (87.8%). The mean score for work-family conflict was 41.22 ± 9.14 (moderate to low), resignation 38.86 ± 11.2 (moderate), and resilience 74.7 ± 12.02 (high). The results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the rate of leaving the service in males, single people, and suburban people was higher, and resilience rate in the males, people living in the city, and older people was higher.

During the coronavirus outbreak, the nurses working in this hospital experienced moderate levels of work-family conflict and high levels of resilience. These findings can serve as a foundation for future research and the development of educational workshops in this area.

Organizational health refers to the durability and survival of the organization in its environment, adaptation to it, as well as the promotion and development of movements for greater adaptation. Communication skills are among the skills that people can engage in. Therefore, considering the role and importance of the communication skills of managers and the organizational health of employees, the researchers decided to investigate the situation of these two variables.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on all the managers and 280 employees working in the teaching hospitals of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd (Afshar, Shahid Rahnamon, Shahid Sadoughi, Shohada Mehrab) in 2022. The needed data were collected using standard questionnaires and analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, as well as T-test and ANOVA, were used to analyze the results.

The results pointed out that most studied employees evaluated the level of organizational health in their hospital as high (71.6%). The highest mean in organizational health components among men was related to the morale (32.03±4.51); in women, it pertained to mood (31.86±5.07). According to the obtained results, no significant relationship was observed between hospitals, gender, age, marital status, education, service history, and organizational health components; nonetheless, a significant relationship was detected between job category and institutional unity component (P=0.003). No significant relationship was observed between the hospitals, gender, marital status, age, service history and management history, education, occupation and communication skills components of managers. The highest mean of managers' communication skills was related to feedback.

Considering the lower mean of resource support, managerial influence, and consideration of organizational health, it seems necessary to design and implement educational and welfare programs in order to strengthen them.

The COVID-19 pandemic is still one of the major challenges faced by health systems around the world. Knowledge, attitude, practice, and acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine are important factors in encouraging people to inject the vaccine. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of people's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccination.

This study was a systematic review based on articles published in 2019-2022 that examined the knowledge, attitude, practice, and acceptance of community members regarding the COVID-19 vaccine. A total of 14 databases and 56 articles were evaluated. Databases included Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct, WILEY, Scopus, Pro-Quest, Medline, Elsevier, Magiran, and SID.

After analyzing the articles, abstracts, and main texts, 13 articles, all of which were descriptive-cross-sectional studies, were selected for the final analysis. It was found that 61.5% (n=8) of studies showed a high and acceptable level of knowledge, 30.7% (n=4) a high level of attitude, 15.3% (n=2) an average level of practice, and 23% (n=3) a high level of acceptance toward COVID-19 vaccine.

People's level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine was at a high level. Nevertheless, people's attitude towards the injection of the COVID-19 vaccine and its effectiveness, and consequently, the acceptance of this vaccine and the willingness to inject it was at a low level. Therefore, health system policymakers should take measures according to the cultural background of the societies to encourage people to inject the vaccine against COVID-19.