مجله تعالی بالینی
سال سیزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 40، پاییز 1402)

Ethical, professional complexities and issues, general requirements of professional ethics reflected in three chapters have been indexed in the Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council website under title of "general guide on professional ethics for medical professions and affiliated ones. In addition, in "ethical charter of psychologists and counselors of the psychology and counseling organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran", some rules have been presented under the following categories and observation of them is necessary for psychologists and counselors: a- general principles of professional ethics; b- professional ethical standards and regulations. But despite emergence of art therapy in the 19th century as a combination of art and mind and entrance of art therapy to Iran in the eighties (in solar calendar) through translation of books, having Iranian psychologists and artists in Iran that worked on art therapy and performed research on that since its emergence in Iran, yet there is no ethical charter or code that can be relied upon in Iran and mental health professionals, art therapists and counselors in Iran who apply art-centered methods or interventions in therapeutic sessions, encounter issues that indicate necessity of developing an ethical charter for art therapy, as receivers of such therapies have artistic activities during therapy: ownership of works of art created, evaluation and diagnosis by art-centered tools or tests and interpretation of art works are among such issues. Necessity of considering and negotiating about ethical issues of art therapy that its professional ethical provisions have been settled in the west, decades ago,  made authors to bring on several ethical areas in application of art therapy, upon reading charter of the American Art Therapy Association, charter of the British Association of Art Therapists, charter of the Canadian Art Therapy Association, referring to the Iranian health system charters, ethical charter of psychologists and counselors, general guide on professional ethics of medical professions and the related ones of the I.R. IRAN Medical Council, considering cultural qualities of the Iranian-Islamic Society. These ethical areas are in the field of applying art in art therapy and issues arising from that.Findings of this research illustrate that ethical codes of similar professions(psychologists, counselors and medical professions), while being useful in general issues of patients' rights and professional ethics in art therapy including confidentiality and making an effort to enhance health and welfare of society, do not make any assistance on ethical issues or decision-making for art therapy (how to publish art work of clients, considering confidentiality in publishing works of art, ownership of works of art). This dictates necessity of developing an art therapy charter in proportion to local culture.

Using the curriculum during the educational and research period in schools, universities and scientific institutions has a great impact. The present study is a simple descriptive review study in the period from 2017 to 2018. Articles were searched in Isc, Google Scholar, Isi, Pubmed databases. The searched keywords include; Curriculum, research, self-efficacy, research self-efficacy, education and research were in Persian and English. . 17 articles were included in the study during 4 stages of search and screening and according to the inclusion criteria. The findings from the extraction of articles have shown; The curriculum is not only a road map for educational self-efficacy, but it is also effective in advancing research self-efficacy. By influencing the quality of learning experiences, the curriculum leads to the acquisition of research capability and research self-efficacy of learners. Therefore, providing a platform for developing a curriculum and creating changes in the curriculum with a research approach and welcoming the changes in the educational system will lead to the improvement of academic qualifications and the improvement of individual and collective research qualifications.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a therapeutic method that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells to improve the symptoms of some brain diseases. This procedure is "non-invasive" because it is performed without the use of surgery or cutting the skin. The first mental illness to receive TMS treatment approval from the US Food and Drug Administration was depression. TMS in the treatment of depression is usually only used when other depression treatments have not been effective. The FDA has also approved TMS for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), when it does not respond well to standard treatments. When TMS is used for depression, OCD, and other conditions, the treatment is by sending repeated magnetic pulses, so it's called repetitive magnetic brain stimulation (rTMS). Research into other potential applications of rTMS, including epilepsy and other neurological diseases, is ongoing. It seems that transcranial magnetic stimulation has finally found a clear place in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although the effectiveness of this treatment has been proven in some psychiatric diseases, there is still a need for more interventional studies in the case of neurological diseases.

The classroom is one of the smallest and most effective educational units, and the management of the classroom is important due to the creation of the teaching-learning process, therefore, learning strategies in line with classroom management for the educational dynamics of learners and the educational capability of teachers require the use of management styles. They are efficient. The present study has been conducted with the aim of classroom management style with an interactive approach of self-regulation learning strategies in the health system. The present study is a review study that was conducted during three stages of screening by searching in information databases: Magiran, SID, Barakat Knowledge Network System, Google Scholar, Pubmed during the years 1394 to 1401 with The keywords of class management, class, management style, learning strategy, learning, self-regulated learning, health system were searched. In the initial screening, due to the use of the keywords class and class management, the number of articles found was very wide, but by limiting the terms to class management and self-regulated learning, the number of Persian and English language articles was reduced to 263 articles. After the initial screening of the articles related to classroom management in the health system and self-regulated learning, it was separated from the classroom, management and learning articles. In the next stage, the specialized criteria of the articles such as classroom management in medical sciences, self-regulated learning, and classroom management style were examined. Farsi and English articles whose full text was not available were removed from the scope of the search. In the next step, unrelated articles were screened. The result of the step-by-step search and screening were 96 articles and books, and finally 18 Persian articles and 15 articles. English speakers, who met the entry criteria and content intercourse with the purpose, were included in the study. The result of the search was 33 articles. The results showed that classroom management is one of the most important trends in classroom management in the health system, in line with the application of learning styles and the development of curricula by integrating management style and learning style. It is recommended that all classic and modern methods should be developed in the direction of classroom management because the classroom is the first level of educational management and requires the use of a correct and efficient teaching-learning process.

Digital tools provide a broader view of patients 'health through access to data and provide greater control over patients' health. Digital health offers real opportunities to improve medical outcomes and increase efficiency. Digital health is: A variety of technologies based on electronic systems, telecommunications or artificial intelligence in the areas of education, research and health-oriented training or in one of the sub-sectors of health, including prevention, diagnosis and treatment and care "Medicine is used. The use of technologies, such as smartphones, social networks and Internet applications, has not only changed the way we communicate, but also offers innovative ways to monitor patients' health and provide more access to information. In this study, while briefly reviewing digital health technologies and classifications in the field of digital health by combining the classification model based on the main parts of the field of health and the application of digital health technologies with the thematic classification of digital health technologies to the desired model. In the selected model, the highest level includes four general categories of training and skills development of medical staff, prevention and promotion of personal health, medical diagnosis and medicine and treatment, and in the next layer, technological product in digital health placed in each of the main categories.

Family therapy is an intervention that focuses on changing interactions between family members and tries to improve the functioning of the family as a unit consisting of individual family members. Therefore, the challenges of family therapy can exist in various cases, including relationships within the family, mental health of people, financial problems, and issues caused by lifestyle and family order. The aim of the current research is to analyze and summarize the studies that we have done in the field of dealing with various challenges of family therapy. The method of the present research was conducted as an integrated background review method, in this way, the library method and systematic review plan were used. The statistical population of this research was all scientific sources and articles in the following domestic and foreign databases with keywords related to the challenges of family therapy, 86 cases were identified as the statistical population, of which 28 documents were based on the sampling method. They were selected based on the purpose of entry and exit criteria. The search was carried out in Normagz, Mag Iran, Ensani, Jihad University Scientific Center, Science Direct, PubMed and Scopus databases in the period of 1378-1400 (2000-2022) and the keywords included family therapy. family-oriented, Iranian family and challenges. A total of 28 studies that met the necessary criteria were included in the analysis. According to the studied samples, the results were classified and analyzed in four categories: 1. Cultural challenges 2. The challenge of family-therapist identity: an identity beyond from the framework of the treatment room, 3. educational challenges and 4. the challenge of forming a therapeutic alliance. The most noteworthy point from the surveys inside and outside of Iran was mostly in the choice of research topic and method. The focus of research in Iran was on the cultural-religious concerns and mainly by analyzing the content of existing texts. While the subject range and methodology in researches outside Iran were wider and directly in the context of family meetings. It is recommended that researchers conduct similar studies relying on the opinions and direct experiences of experts.

Health anxiety is a common condition that can lead to high levels of psychological distress and impaired functioning and, if not properly treated, a worse prognosis. Therefore, providing an organized view of the work done and examining the effectiveness of psychological treatments in this field it can help specialists in choosing the most effective and efficient treatment from the perspective of the conducted research, accelerating the recovery of patients and reducing health costs. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of reviewing the cognitive and metacognitive theories of health anxiety and the treatments resulting from them. The current narrative review in 2023, considering Persian and English keywords, was searched for articles in the time range of 1990 to now, in several famous databases (PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID). By applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 articles were finally examined. The findings showed that in explaining the pathology of this disorder, there are important cognitive and metacognitive mechanisms and beliefs, each of which can play a role. Following that, studies showed a significant effect size in the relationship between cognitive and metacognitive therapies with health anxiety. The results of this article showed that each of the generalized or specific cognitive beliefs (such as anxiety sensitivity and Salkoskis and Varik's beliefs) and metacognitive beliefs accounted for unique variance in health anxiety scores. As a result, none of the content-based beliefs or metacognitive beliefs could explain the experience of health anxiety alone. Also, although the cognitive behavioral therapy performed on health anxiety showed a great effect, but more than half of the people did not show improvement. As a result, the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy was more encouraging than cognitive behavioral therapy in improving symptoms of health anxiety disorder and distress caused by it.

Considering the necessity of learning from past experiences and continuous improvement in order to prepare development plans, the present study examines the challenges and strategies to implement health-related provisions in the first to sixth development plans. The current research was conducted in the form of a scoping review. Studies published in English and Persian 2000 until the end of November 2021 were reviewed. The search was done in the databases (SID, Magiran, Ensani.Ir, Irandoc, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed) and related journals. 262 studies were obtained, after removing unrelated, duplicate studies and quality assessment, finally articles were selected for final analysis. CASP checklist was used to evaluate the quality. Conventional content analysis approach with Max-QDA 12 was used for data analysis. 262 studies were obtained, finally 16 articles were selected and analyzed. Challenges and solutions related to implementing the health sector development plans of the Islamic Republic of Iran in seven main dimensions including: the program development approach; Policy makers and executives; Execution and implementation of the program, program development, program monitoring challenges; Content of the program; and Lack of following the principles of planning and 51 sub dimensions were extracted that the lack of a clear definition of the concepts of development and development planning; Non-compliance of program provisions with general policies; Lack of meaningful and developmental supervision; Multiple goals and priorities were among challenges. Also, the corresponding solutions of each challenge based on the review of studies included 47 sub dimensions that the correct implementation of the principles of coherent planning, definition of appropriate indicators, mechanisms for gathering information, evaluation of the program, political support, creating a unified understanding between stakeholders, adapting the design of executive programs to infrastructure and moving to mixed programs were among the solutions. Human-centered approaches to development place a lot of value on health and believe that unless an efficient health system governs the society, societies and nations cannot achieve their economic and social goals. Therefore, discussions and planning in this area are very important; Therefore, the identified challenges resulting from this study and the solutions to overcome them can help to formulate, implement and finally evaluate the future development plans.