فصلنامه علوم پزشکی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
سال سی و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 114، زمستان 1402)

Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are a combination of several metabolic disorders that increase the risk of chronic disease and mortality, and highly prevalent worldwide among postmenopausal women. However, it has been shown that regular exercise and increased physical activity can improve components of metabolic syndrome and the complications of obesity. Therefore, the present review was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of exercise training on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal and obese women along with a possible of the underlying mechanisms.

For this systematic review, all relevant information were collected using search of specific keywords about of the effects of different types of exercise training on biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal and obese, via some internal and external databases including Web of Science, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Magiran, IranDoc and SID, that this information was extracted.

The results of the present review showed that different types of exercise programs through various physiological mechanisms improved most of the biomarkers of metabolic syndrome among obese and postmenopausal women.

It seems that increase of physical activity and different types of exercise interventions (aerobic, resistance, combination and HIIT) can improve the metabolic syndrome risk factors and thus represent a key treatment strategy to prevent and control of this metabolic disorder in obese and postmenopausal women.

A group of cells that divide more than normal tissue is called a cancerous tumor.  In most cases, colon cancer which are lumps of flesh originating from the inner lining of the colon staining from intestinal polyps. Elucidating the regulatory relationships between mRNA and lncRNA can contribute to the regulation pattern of gene expression in malignant colorectal cancer.  In this study, the integration of weight gene co-expression network in malignant tumor was investigated by analyzing expression data from samples of normal and cancer patients.

The data used in this article included lncRNA and mRNA exosomal sequences extracted from Exorbase and GEO database.  The weighted gene co-expression network was used to group genes and find gene groups that have a significant correlation.

In this study, the pathological importance of the groups was classified using the level of expression of the groups.  Between the groups, the green group had the most correlation and significance, and for this reason, it is assumed that they have the top impact on the progression of cancer.

Considering the key genes HSPA1B, PPP2R3B and HSPA1A suggested in this study by comparing healthy and sick people and identifying the difference in gene expression profile, a suitable biomarker can be identified to detect people with colorectal cancer.

NF-κB factor is activated by ischemic damage and reperfusion and has a crucial role in transcription of several genes. Applying DNAzyme is one of the novel therapeutic means. Niosome is a new drug delivery system that is controllable ae used targeted. Applying DNAzyme-containing nanoniosome to diminish the expression of NF-κB protein after cardiac ischemia.

In the current study, twenty-five male rats were assigned into 5 groups: 1- Control group, 2- Ischemic induced group, 3- Post ischemic DNAzyme receiving group, 4- Post ischemic DNAzyme-bearing nanoniosome receiving group, and 5- Post ischemic nanoniosome receiving group. After 72 hours, western blotting was performed on rats’ hearts to assess expression of NF-κB protein in treated groups.

post ischemic treatment with DNAzyme-bearing nanoniosome led to considerably decrease of NF-κB expression compared to ischemic rats (P<0.05).

Results demonstrated the efficiency of DNAzyme-containing nanoniosome on NF-κB protein after cardiac ischemia. Therefore it is propounded as a curative method for cardiac ischemia

Evidence suggests that oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms that causes the effects of obesity. Physical activity and the use of medicinal herbs are two effective ways to control oxidative stress in obese conditions. Although several studies have been performed on the effect of aerobic exercise and herbs on oxidative stress markers, the simultaneous effect of aerobic exercise and rice bran extract on oxidative stress markers in white adipose tissue is not known. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop the effect of aerobic exercise and rice bran extract on the amount of SOD, CAT and MDA concentrations of white adipose tissue in rats fed a high-fat diet.

In a pre-clinical trial, 30 female Wistar rats were selected as experiments and randomly divided into five groups of healthy control, control fed high fat diet, fed high fat diet with aerobic exercise, fed high fat diet with rice bran extract and fed high-fat diet with aerobic exercise-rice bran extract. Palm frying oil was used to induce obesity. The aerobic exercise program consisted of running on a treadmill for four weeks and five sessions a week. Rice bran extract also included receiving 60 mg per kilogram of body weight for 4 weeks and 5 times a week by gavage. At the end of the course, white adipose tissue was removed to determine the amount of SOD, CAT and MDA after sacrificing the subjects.

High fat diet significantly reduced SOD (P= 0.001) and catalase (P= 0.001); While significantly increased MDA values ​​(P= 0.001). Aerobic exercise significantly increased SOD and CAT but had no effect on MDA. While, rice bran extract significantly increased SOD and CAT and decreased MDA. The interaction of exercise and rice bran on the study outcomes was not significant.

Since aerobic exercise and rice bran reduce the oxidative stress of white adipose tissue, it is suggested that in the context of high fat diet, these two interventions can be used to reduce the side effects of high fat diet.

The medical application of oil-in-water nanoemulsion has been expanded due to its special properties. Nanoemulsions based on medicinal plants are important because of the simple and fast preparation method, high efficiency, and economic efficiency.

In this study, the oil-in-water nanoemulsion was prepared containing Mentha pulegium essential oil as the oil phase, Mentha pulegium extract as the aqueous phase, and span 80 surfactant for 30 minutes using homogenizer. The properties of samples were investigated. Chitosan was used as the natural biological material to modify the optimal nanoemulsion due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial properties. The samples were evaluated by methods of dynamic light scattering (DLS) to investigate size and size distribution, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to measure size and shape, and zeta potential to determine stability. Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of the samples were investigated.

The results of the antibacterial activity of the essential oil, its extract, and nanoemulsions against gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli (E.Coli) and gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus (S.Aureus) showed that these materials are suitable candidates instead of chemical drugs to deal with strains. The antioxidant activity of the samples was observed based on the measurement of total phenolic compounds and free radical inhibition. Also, the samples are not cytotoxic on healthy cells.

Based on the results, oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing essential oil as the oily phase and extract as the aqueous phase can be suitable candidates for pharmaceutical and medical applications.

The conventional method of evaluating the efficacy of BCG vaccine products is through colony count, which is very slow and cumbersome. A rapid test for estimating viable bacilli is necessary for vaccine quality control. ATP is a reliable marker for cell viability, and the amount of emitted light during bioluminescence reactions is directly proportional to the ATP content of the bacilli. In this study, the correlation between these two methods was evaluated.

CFU (colony-forming unit) value and bioluminescence signal (RLU) of BCG products were determined by microbiological conventional method and the special kit respectively. ATP content of the products were estimated based on ATP content and CFU value of standard NIBSC vaccine. Linear regression analysis were done by Graph Pad Prism 8.0 software to determine the extent of correlation between two methods. The coefficient K was determined to calculate the CFU value of BCG products.

Results:

 Linear relationship and significant correlation were obtained between two methods for BCG Bulk (r2= 0.9874) and Vaccine (r2= 0.9417) compared to Pastocys (r2= 0.7692). The coefficients K were determined for BCG and Bulk vaccine (0.447 and 0.26 respectively) and can be used to predict and estimate the CFU value of new bathes of products.

The study suggests that an optimized ATP bioluminescence assay is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable alternative method that can accelerate the quality control process for BCG vaccine

Pain management is one of the most important components of patient care, and the nurse plays a key role in its management. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the care program based on the "Roy’s Adaptation Model" on the pain of patients in the surgical ICU.

This triple-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2016 on 100 patients in the intensive care unit. Two surgical ICU wards in Sanandaj Basath Hospital were randomly selected as the intervention and control wards. Eligible patients in each department were assigned to the intervention or control group separately by simple random method. In the intervention group, care based on adaptation model was performed; and in the control group, routine care was done. Patients' pain was measured twice a day for 7 days based on pain measurement scale. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software ver21.

The mean pain score during seven days was 4.43 and within seven nights was 4.66 in the intervention group; while in control group it was 4.75 during seven days and 4.77 during seven nights. Also, pain in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Care based on the adaptation model by nurses had an effect on reducing the pain of patients in the intensive care unit. It is suggested to provide organized nursing care based on nursing patterns in order to improve the health of patients in the special care department

The transmission of data in nervous system is affected by multiple sclerosis. This can cause problems for cognitive abilities and executive functions. Cognitive rehabilitations can improve these abilities. We investigated the effectiveness of Captain’s Log rehabilitation software on cognitive flexibility of patients with multiple sclerosis in Tehran.

The present study was an intervention type with a pre-test and post-test design. At the descriptive level, the mean and standard deviation were used. In the inferential part, the normality test of data (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), the homogeneity of the regression slope and Levine's test were applied to check the equality of the variance of the dependent variable. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to check the effect of the intervention on the post-test scores. The sample statistical population included 30 patients with multiple sclerosis in the year 2021-2022 in Tehran, who were selected by the purposive convenience sampling method and randomly placed into two groups of fifteen people as control and intervention groups. Subjects completed the standard Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (CFI) by Dennis and Vander Wal to measure cognitive flexibility.

Captain’s Log cognitive rehabilitation software directly affected cognitive flexibility (p<0.001). The eta squared effect size 0.363 indicated that the effect of Captain’s Log on the flexibility of the subjects is 36.3%.

According to the results, the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on patients with cognitive disorders is clear. It is suggested to use Captain’s Log cognitive rehabilitation software in welfare centers

Psychosomatic disorders are an important issue related to physical and mental health. Therefore, research is important to identify effective treatment methods for these disorders. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of intensive short-term psychodynamic therapy and existential therapy on the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The research population included all psychosomatic patients referred to this hospital in 1400. 45 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of dynamic psychotherapy, existential therapy and control. The research tool included Takata and Sakata (2004) Psychosomatic Complaints Questionnaire, which was completed by all three groups in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Also, psychodynamic and existential therapy protocols were implemented in the experimental groups. The data was analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSSV19 software.

The results showed that psychodynamic therapy compared to existential therapy reduced the signs and symptoms of psychosomatic patients (F=11.79 and P=0.001) and this treatment was more effective.

Finally, it can be said that both treatments were effective, and psychodynamic therapy was more effective than existential therapy, and therefore, the use of these therapies can help in reducing the symptoms of psychosomatic patients.

Conducting scientific and applied research is the foundation of knowledge production and the subsequent supply of services. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the students' point of view regarding the motivational and inhibiting factors of participation in student research at Tehran Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, 2021.

This descriptive study was conducted on 215 paramedical faculty students who were selected by simple random method. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with CVR (0.99) and CVI (0.79) and reliability with Cronbach's alpha (0.891). Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 software.

Individual and organizational motivating factors had the most contribution with 50.8 and 39.8 percent respectively, and individual and organizational inhibiting factors with 57.4 and 48.9 percent respectively. The most important personal motivating factors were "interest in research" and in the organizational dimension "considering points for the student"; and the most important individual and organizational inhibiting factors were "too much work (lack of time)" and "insufficient points for the student researcher" respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between students' field of study and the total score of motivating factors (p<0.05). Age, gender, marriage status, academic semester and field of study had no significant relationship with the inhibiting factors.

By focusing on creating motivation and removing the mentioned obstacles, the productivity of student research can be improved.

One of the most complex decision-making problems of medical managers is evaluating the performance of hospitals. The problem starts from the fact that only the quantity is the basis of the decision. Designing a mathematical solution for the evaluation of qualitative components by choosing medical professional ethics, solves the evaluation gap in the therapeutic environment with qualitative components, which we have discussed in this research.

By combining 4 models of DEA, DEA and BSC simultaneously and the evaluation laboratory and decision test, efforts have been made to reach a standard model in a period of 8 months. The quantitative population is all the doctors of 37 private and public hospitals in Shiraz City, 378 people were selected as a sample.

The findings showed that the mean professional ethics in the education and growth sector was equal to 84.73%, in the internal processes sector it was equal to 92.09%, in the financial sector it was equal to 95.81% and finally in the service recipient sector it was equal to 100%. Also, hospitals 1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 13, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36 and 37 are efficient and others are ineffective.

In the evaluation, no significant difference was observed between public and private hospitals in respect of professional ethics. Also, the designed model showed that hospitals that are efficient will ultimately lead to an increase in the overall efficiency of the organizational system and better service to patients.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maternal-neonate abdominal and kangaroo short-term skin contact on maternal depression in mothers hospitalized in Torbat Heydariyeh hospitals.

This single-blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 68 eligible pregnant women in Torbat-e-Heydariyeh in 2018. The subjects were randomly divided into two intervention groups (kangaroo skin contact) and control group (abdominal skin contact). Demographics, fertility, and medical information, information about the first, second and third stages of labor and Zong depression questionnaire were completed for both groups immediately and two months after delivery. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 13 by chi-square, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney tests. P- value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

At birth, there was no significant difference in mean of depression scores between the two groups in short-term skin contact (kangaroo) and short-term abdominal skin contact (p= 0.7). Also, 2 months after birth, the mean depression score was not different between the two groups (P= 0.1). There was no significant difference in the severity of depression at birth (P= 0.7) and 2 months after birth (P= 0.4).

Kangaroo short-term skin contact does not affect maternal depression, so its time should be increased for better conclusions.

The Drug and Poison Information Centers (DPICs) in Iran was established as a part of Iran’s Food and Drug Deputy (FDD), supervised by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOH) and in other universities of medical sciences to provide services to the scientific community and public to provide quick, easy, valid and reliable access to medication information and poisoning information.

This descriptive study retrospectively reviewed reported phone calls of DPICs in Iran to central division in Tehran from 2011 to 2013 and 2015. The Phone calls registered in official forms of World Health Organization (WHO).

The centers received about one million calls during 4 years’ study, including 249873, 224368, 235769 and 250367 cases each year. About 64.2%±4% of callers were female. Most calls were made by the patients (54.5%±1.2%). The greater number of patients who contacted to the DPICs was in age group of 19-30 years old in all years of study. Calls mostly were focused on Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) (15.6%±0.96%).

The increasing of calls showed that need to this kind of services is increased every day, more and more. The separate line for medical staff seems necessary and it seems there are need to give public more information by their physician and pharmacist or new available digital methods