نشریه مطالعات کتابداری و سازماندهی اطلاعات
سال سی و چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 134، تابستان 1402)

With the development of technologies, things are done faster and in less time, as the reduction of time to do work and the speed of response has become an important competitive advantage among organizations. These features and advantages have led to the widespread use of Internet of Things technology among different societies, and at the same time, the field of acceptance and development of information and communication technologies in libraries and information centers has also emerged because libraries, as information service centers, should be able to play a role on par with other organizations. Due to the advancement of information and communication technology, libraries have problems in managing and providing services. The Internet of Things is one of the phenomena that helps librarians to better manage facilities, equipment, and applications. The purpose of the current research was to study the information security in digital libraries on the Internet of Things. This research was of applied type and library (documentary) and survey methods were used to carry it out. For this purpose, a 19-item checklist was used to identify and evaluate the dimensions of the research, and the state of information security in digital libraries was investigated and analyzed in 6 components access level, security and technology, service provision, infrastructure, information protection and information confidentiality. Binomial and one-sample t-tests were used for data analysis in SPSS software. In this research, the libraries that use the Internet of Things technology, the type of libraries, and the services provided by the Internet of Things technologies in the libraries were identified. The findings indicate that the components of the level of access, security, and technology, providing services and infrastructure are in a suitable condition, and the components of information protection and information confidentiality are in an inappropriate condition in terms of the security of the Internet of Things information. The use of the Internet of Things in libraries is increasing, and many libraries use or want to use this technology because it has many advantages for libraries. Also, the use of this technology accelerates and facilitates the transfer from one generation to another of libraries, especially the transfer from a traditional library to a digital library and a smart library with a smarter service. The use of the Internet of Things in digital libraries can lead to providing new and irreplaceable services to the users of these libraries. Meanwhile, security is one of the key challenges of information technology, and Issues related to the Information Security of Digital Library on the Internet of Things are very important, librarians can make decisions by using it carefully.

 One of the most valuable assets of any organization is its brand. It serves various purposes in representing the organization, its employees, and its products. Libraries, especially academic libraries, face numerous challenges in effectively representing their core values in the information age while competing with other information providers. Branding can help address these challenges. However, there is a lack of basic and applied research on branding and its internal and external requirements in libraries. Therefore, examining how academic libraries can brand themselves and review their traditional brand is necessary. In a previous research, using the Grounded Theory method, a model has been developed that identifies a set of internal and external factors for building the brand of academic libraries. The objective of this study was to validate the branding model of academic libraries within the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology (MSRT) and present the validated branding model.

 The research methodology of this study was quantitative using a survey method and data was collected through questionnaires. The participants in the study included managers, deputies, librarians from central libraries, as well as faculty members from information science and knowledge studies departments in public universities affiliated with the MSRT. Since the collected data did not follow a normal distribution, a non-parametric binomial test was used to test the research hypotheses. Additionally, the validity of the research model was assessed using a second type of structural equation modeling called partial least squares (PLS), which involved two methods measurement theory and structural theory.

 The factors that influence the development of university library brands can be categorized into two dimensions: internal and external to the university. Within the university, there are internal factors such as the architecture of the library building, the availability of information resources and services, the branding efforts of librarians, marketing activities, and library management. Additionally, external factors are influenced by the parent organization of the library and the higher education system. Outside of the academic realm, non-academic factors impact the brand development of university libraries. Firstly, the level of scientific and behavioral education within the library information society is influenced by the role of other libraries in educating the new generation and the different behavioral and information-seeking tendencies of the new information society. Secondly, the state of the overall information sphere in society is affected by the national economic situation and the state of digital publishing in the country. The success of brand building for academic libraries is also measured by brand imagery, brand superiority, and the loyalty of library users toward the brand.

 The main method used in establishing the brand of academic libraries is the identity approach. This means that the brand is closely linked to the library's identity. The brand image is also influenced by the users' experience of using the library, and the library and its staff play a central role in developing the brand and its equity. Additionally, there are indications of an economic approach (due to the significance of applying marketing strategies) and a consumer-based approach (due to the crucial role of stakeholders in brand development).

The poor economic situation and the reduction of job opportunities have pushed universities towards academic entrepreneurship and commerciali-zation of knowledge. Nevertheless, the evidence shows there are many obstacles in the way of academic entrepreneurship, especially in some disciplines. Identifying obstacles to academic entrepreneurship is the first step toward its development. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to identify the obstacles to academic entrepreneurship in the field of knowledge and information science. The current research was of an applied type which was conducted using the qualitative method of ground theory. The research community was the knowledge and information science faculty members at Iran's governmental universities. The sample members were selected by purposive sampling method. The basis for selecting the sample members was that they have at least five years of work experience as faculty members and have scientific records in fields with entrepreneurial orientation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The interview processes continued until reaching theoretical saturation after interviewing 16 faculty members. Regarding academic rank, 4 of the sample members were professors, 7 were associate professors, and 5 were assistant professors. By analyzing the interview data, 90 primary codes were identified, and these codes were categorized into 12 sub-categories and three main categories. Macro obstacles, academic obstacles, and individual obstacles were the three main categories that hinder entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge in the field of knowledge and information science from the point of view of faculty members. Major obstacles were formed from 4 categories: economic factors, political factors, cultural factors, and strategic factors. Academic barriers consist of 4 sub-categories: university structure, university regulations and rules, university education, and course content. Individual obstacles also include 4 subcategories: scientific skills, communication skills, psychological skills, and entrepreneurial skills.   The present research has identified the most important obstacles to entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge in the field of knowledge and information science by studying the views of faculty members in the field of knowledge and information science. Although some obstacles to academic entrepreneurship, such as macro obstacles, are beyond the authority of faculty members and experts, by strengthening and investing in things that are under their control, such as individual obstacles, they can move towards academic entrepreneurship. Generally, the findings of this research can help in better planning for increasing academic entrepreneurship and commercialization of knowledge and removing its obstacles and shortcomings.

Medicine can be considered as one of the most important sciences in the history of mankind and its progress is considered as one of the basic components for the formation of civilizations. In Iran, like other societies, this science is of special importance, and in different historical periods, many manuscripts have been written in the field of medicine. Since the Qajar period is one of the most important historical periods in the history of medicine and medicine in Iran, the purpose of this research was to identify and examine the medical manuscripts era in terms of their structure and subject. This research was done in a library manner and with a descriptive-analytical research method. The statistical population of this research is the medical manuscripts of the Qajar era available in the list of manuscripts of Iranian libraries (Fankha) with a frequency of 3136 manuscripts.The data collection tool was a checklist, and data analysis was done with the help of statistical tables and graphs. Among the researched manuscripts, 1135 manuscripts with non-repetitive titles were found, 265 of these manuscripts were written by the Qajar era, and the rest are numerous copies of these manuscripts. In terms of content, Pharmacy, and Pharmacology (21.1%), disease recognition (21.1%), and disease treatment (19.3%) are among the most frequently used topics in these manuscripts. The topics of medicinal plants, midwifery, chemical medicine, and travel medicine (each less than 2%) of the prescriptions have been allocated to themselves. In terms of structure, among the 1,135 non-repeated medical manuscript titles in the Qajar era, 49.9 percent of all these manuscripts were in the form of treatises and 41.7 percent of them were with the structure of a book. Also, 2.8 was without determining the structure or without information. Due to the diseases that existed in the Qajar era, such as plague, cholera, typhoid, and smallpox, the prevention and treatment of these diseases have been given much attention by doctors and various treatises and books have been written on this topic. The reason for the arrival of modern pharmaceuticals in Iran and the emergence and spread of non-herbal (chemical) drugs, pharmacy, and pharmacology are widely used topics in this period. The majority of the treatise structure of the medical manuscripts of this course is due to the conciseness and specialization of the treatises, as well as the speed in writing and writing a subject in the form of a treatise. In addition, with the spread of the educational system in this period, the structure of the treatise is more and more interesting due to its suitability for textbooks.The doctors and physicians of this course tried to write manuscripts with the structure of the book in detail and on a general subject with several chapters and as reference books.

A digital library is a collection of digital objects, such as books, magazines, audio recordings, video recordings, and other documents that are accessible electronically. Public libraries also use digital libraries in their activities to improve the quality of services. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of establishing the status of the digital library in Iran Public Libraries Foundation, based in Kerman city. The present survey research methods a descriptive-analytic, statistical population consisting of 62 members of managers and staff working in 9 the public libraries of Kerman city. Due to the limitation of the size of the community, Sampling has not been done and all the people were considered as statistical samples. Data was collected using a researcher-made checklist with confirmed structural and content validity. The checklist questions were prepared and organized according to the objectives of the research and by the basic questions. The validity of this checklist was confirmed through the opinion of the subject experts and the examination of the dimensions of the research components and compliance with similar texts and research. TOPSIS method has been used to check research hypotheses. As well as for the implementation of information architecture using similarity to ideal option (TOPSIS) among the public libraries of various attributes, including the city of Kerman (the skills of librarians, technical equipment and facilities available in the library, the library's budget situation and telecommunication infrastructure) were studied, so the weight of the rating criteria to the libraries on a five-step were explained. The results showed that the findings showed: Central National Library with a coefficient of 0.590 is close to the ideal coefficient in comparison with other libraries, and Yazdani Far Library is ranked ninth with a coefficient of 0.248. Strengthening digital technology, explaining the nature, function, advantages, and disadvantages of digital libraries, digital protection, and information security, user privacy protection, resource sharing methods, and educational programs are among the important issues in creating digital libraries. According to the results of the research, it was found that public libraries in kerman are not in a favorable situation in terms of telecommunication infrastructure, Therefore, it was suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure for the use of information technology. Teaching the use of related technologies, increasing the speed of the Internet, providing the necessary infrastructure, and providing the necessary equipment are among the suggestions of the research.Originality/value: Creating a digital library is very beneficial in the effective use of information resources. Paying attention to the essential infrastructures and basic components in the digitization of public libraries of Kerman for the use of information technology is one of the benefits of this research.

A targeted research goes through some stages called the research process to solve problems. The research process can be defined as the life cycle of any research, and each stage requires the implementation of unique ethical principles. By entering the era of internet-based research, it is necessary to increase the researcher’s level of awareness, attitude, and performance regarding the standards of research ethics. Therefore, the awareness of different types of scientific misconduct and familiarity with ethical duties in the research process are the first steps in the development of the ethics-oriented path in scientific societies. Also, the research system activists, from authors, editors, publishers, and reviewers of publications, to policymakers, i.e. managers and decision-makers of universities, organizations, and research centers, by adhering to the principles of research ethics or providing appropriate infrastructure to promote, cultivate and implement ethical standards, should Help smooth this path in the research system. Therefore, to implement complementary measures, the present study strived to analyze and explain the operational dos and don’ts of research ethics, especially in the policymaking aspect of the research system by entering the second step.

This study reviewed the research and documents related to research ethics in the dimensions of internal and external policies, to analyze and explain the dos and don’ts of research ethics confronted by research system policymakers. To collect texts, three internal databases such as "Magiran", "SID" and "Civilica" and three external citation databases such as "Web of Science", "Scopus" and "Google Scholar" It has been examined in both categories regardless of the period.

Through studying the texts, “scientific formalism”, “publishing pressure”, “focusing on punitive policies”, and “weak monitoring system of journals” were identified as the don’ts faced by the policymakers of the research system, each of which in turn has produced obstacles in the development path ethical research. Furthermore, measures such as “focusing on problem-oriented and demand-oriented research”, “tendency to systems thinking”, and “directing toward academic socialization” were identified as the dos of the research system.

Along with the formulation of ethical codes in research, the policymakers of the research system must implement mechanisms to prevent and manage research violations with a positive approach and cultivate ethical activists. Meanwhile, scientific structure and culture as well as an efficient educational system can significantly contribute to the institutionalization of ethical values and attitudes in research. Therefore, it is clear that the policymakers of the research system, while formulating legal and criminal principles and standards, need to pay special attention to incentive policies to support scientific self-regulation institutions and develop and promote healthy and applied research. Finally, it is suggested that in future studies, the level of performance of the activists and especially the policymakers of the research system in the field of fulfilling research ethics should be evaluated and compared. Also, at the national level, it is necessary to identify the factors influencing the construction of the desired future of research and publication ethics so that the results can be used in the policies of the research system.